Inflation and Consumer Price Indices free essay sample

Siddhartha Essay on Enlightenment

Siddhartha Essay on Enlightenment Siddhartha, a man searching for edification, had the option to discover it among a waterway. It took Siddhartha numerous years and a few bombed endeavors to get his very own illumination. His first endeavor was to investigate the customary strict way to edification. Siddhartha understood that the strict contents were not how he was going to discover illumination. Next, he concluded that he would turn into a Samana to endeavor to acquire edification. This likewise demonstrated a purposeless endeavor and he inevitably fled the Samana way of life. After that didn't work, he went to the Buddha with the expectation that he could help with his excursion to edification. By and by, Siddhartha couldn't discover or considerably further his mission to illumination. Siddhartha would now turn into a specialist to check whether this could put him on the correct way to edification. This exertion would likewise end up being a vain endeavor as it drove him further away from his objective than any tim e in recent memory. After this endeavor, Siddhartha accepted that there was no real way to accomplish illumination and started to accept that his life was insignificant. At the point when everything was looking down and he was starting to surrender, Siddhartha meandered into a man named Vasuveda, a ferryman. It was this waterway, with its quieting sound and common excellence, in which Siddhartha acquired edification. Siddhartha endeavored to acknowledge the best approach to illumination as depicted by strict content, yet the limitations were such a large number of and he dismissed their thoughts. Siddharthas father endeavored to pressure his child into tolerating the strict writings thoughts, however Siddhartha knew better. One must discover the source inside ones own self, one must have it. This statement originates from Siddharthas youth and he expresses that one must locate their own way to edification. In the wake of understanding that his dads strict content was not going to lead him to illumination, he chose to attempt to discover edification somewhere else. Siddhartha decided to leave his family and he concluded that he would endeavor to acquire illumination as a Samana. Siddhartha left to turn into a Samana during his journey for edification. He lost his Self a thousand times and for quite a long time he stayed in nonbeing. This statement talks about how Siddhartha turned into a Samana and he felt that in fasting and petition that he was getting numb and, with each back to back day, that he was assisting himself from his objective of arriving at illumination. Siddhartha rehearsed discipline and contemplation as per the Samana rules. While a Samana, he decided to quick for quite a long time and weeks upon end without food or water. Siddhartha started to feel that he was carrying on with a silly life and that he was burning through valuable time. What is reflection? What is surrender of the body? What is fasting? What is the holding of breath? Siddhartha posed these inquiries to Govinda when he started to understand that the Samana lifestyles were not going to carry him to illumination. Siddhartha understood that the Samana lifestyles were really pull ing him further away from his excursion to illumination. This is when Siddhartha understood that a change was all together. After this disappointment, he fled the Samana lifestyle and turned into an adherent of the Buddha. Siddhartha understood that he expected to discover another approach to endeavor illumination. He discovered this new path in the Buddhas lessons. Siddhartha went to the Buddha hoping to get the hang of something that would advance his mission towards illumination. Nonetheless, it didn't take Siddhartha long to comprehend that the Buddhas lessons were simply futile words. In the wake of tuning in to Gotama Buddha, Siddhartha understands that illumination can't be educated or adapted however must be accomplished through close to home understanding. This statement represents the idea that Siddhartha can't really take in anything from the Buddha as everything he can give him are words. Siddhartha, in the wake of talking with the Buddha, accepts that he should acquire illumination through activities, not words. Nirvana isn't a thing, there is just the word Nirvana. Siddhartha said this to Govinda when he understood that the Buddhas lessons couldn't further his insight or help him on his a pproach to illumination. Siddhartha has found that soothing mystery that an educator is pointless. This statement happens when Siddhartha understands that the Buddha, or any instructor, can't further him on his mission to illumination. Siddhartha abandons the Buddhas words and goes to discover another way. Siddhartha goes along his way and happens upon a lady named Kamala. Siddhartha feels that he might have the option to help him along his way to edification. Kamala is the place Siddhartha learns erotic joy. Kamala wrecks Siddhartha from his Siddhartha, near the very edge of death, finds the wellspring of youth in a negligible waterway. Siddharthas just objective was to get vacant of everything. Siddhartha wished to become unfilled and afterward he would be reawakened, edified. He is disappointed with the custom and the love of the Gods. Siddhartha, now, was disappointed with everybody elses educating and the waterway was extraordinary. The stream was the one spot he could proceed to tune in, yet there was no instructing to be heard. The stream held no predispositions and advised not of how to get edification, yet rather it instructed Siddhartha that all he needed to do to get illumination is to tune in. The new Siddhartha felt a profound love for this streaming water and concluded that he would not leave it again so rapidly. This statement comes after Siddhartha had endeavored to end it all in the stream. Siddhartha understood that the stream had given him new life and he expected to utilize it cautiously. After he stir red from his rest, he understood how lovely the stream was and how shortsighted it was. Siddhartha was edified in light of the fact that he currently wanted to carry on with a basic life and his craving for illumination was no more. That is it, said Siddhartha, and when I discovered that, I checked on my life and it was likewise a waterway, and Siddhartha the kid, Siddhartha the develop man, and Siddhartha the elderly person, were isolated by shadows, not through reality This statement expresses that Siddhartha understands that his life is much the same as a stream, each second isn't isolated by the real world. Rather every second is only isolated by shadows, or moment minutes. This acknowledgment is one of the keys to getting edification.

A market analysis of the McDonalds corporation

A market examination of the McDonalds organization McDonalds is a famously known Market Leader in the Fast food Industry or also called the Burger Industry. Begun in the year 1948, it has figured out how to develop triumphant disregarding various organizations entering the business. The organization has effectively settled a well known brand picture. Truth be told the development of inexpensive food has been named after the association as McDonaldization. Showcasing includes distinguishing what clients request and endeavoring towards satisfying their needs. Showcasing Audit includes breaking down the companys different angles and assessing the companys promoting methodology. It includes in drawing out the entanglements in the associations working. The accompanying pages contain the investigation of McDonalds Corporation. We have examined the different features of the association working concerning how well they have figured out how to arrive at clients. There has been an investigation of the business perspectives like the clients, contenders and the providers. Additionally the Macro Environmental examination alongside the SWOT has been performed. We have dissected the present Marketing methods. On breaking down the present circumstance of the organization and the market in the cheap food industry we have given a few proposals which may end up being valuable for the association on its fruitful execution. Presentation The insights figures show that the worldwide inexpensive food showcase arrived at an estimation of $102.7 billion out of 2006, developing by 4.8%. In the mean time, investigators estimate that in 2011, the worldwide cheap food market will have an estimation of $125.4 billion, an expansion of 22.2% since 2006 (Fast Food: Global Industry Guide, n. d.). McDonalds is the universes driving organization in the cheap food industry. It has in excess of 30,000 cafés in excess of 100 nations serving millions individuals around the worldwide. The companys achievement was because of the arrangement they follow, known as the Q.S.C. V. (Quality food; Fast, Friendly Service; Restaurant Cleanliness; and a menu that offers some benefit). The organization was first begun as a drive-in eatery in San Bernardino by the two siblings Mac and Dick McDonalds in the year 1948. It was later purchased by Ray Kroc, who was their diversifying operator in 1961 and opened his first McDonalds in Illinois. The companys menu at first comprised of Hamburgers, Cheeseburgers, French Fries, Sodas, Milkshakes, milk and espresso, in spite of the fact that it has developed significantly since. The organization follows a one of a kind plan of action depicted as the three legged stool wherein the three legs are the proprietors/administrators, providers and Company workers. It is an association that creates, works, establishments and administrations an overall arrangement of eateries that plan, gather, bundle and sell a constrained menu of immediately arranged, tolerably evaluated food. McDonalds has spearheaded food quality particulars, advertising and preparing programs, and operational and gracefully frameworks, which are all viewed as the measures of the business all through the world. Showcasing Mix Each business association must build up a compelling showcasing technique. The 7 Ps is utilized to consistently assess and reconsider business exercises. The seven Ps are item, value, advancement, place, bundling, situating, and individuals. The 7 Ps are utilized to guarantee that the organization is on target and accomplish greatest outcomes. Item Overwhelmingly sells Hamburgers and cheeseburgers which frames the piece of the standard menu around the world Additionally sells different kinds of chicken sandwiches and items, French fries, sodas, morning meals, and pastries. They sell an assortment of items during restricted limited time timeframes. The organization tests new items on a continuous premise. Model: Chicken Nuggets in the year 1983 Course Individuals Spotlights on Friendly and Prompt assistance which encourages them to keep up their notoriety Workers have a standard uniform. Measurements of staff creation Eatery staffRestaurant managementOffice staffFranchisees staff44,000300050025,000They have high enrollment gauges, utilize neighborhood staff and appropriate preparing. Way Procedure Assembling process is straightforward and obvious to clients. Clients are welcome to check the fixings utilized in the food. Keep up top notch control principles. Utilization of imaginative thoughts and having most recent advancements introduced. Drive through office Cost Have Specials, two dollar burgers Contenders think that its hard to follow By and large utilize a worth based way to deal with estimating, Target giving buyers the best an incentive for cash Advancements Best strategies to keep up high mindfulness and advance their picture Promoting through Billboards, Television, Radio and so on. Sponsorships like Ronald House and neighborhood Basketball Deals Promotion, Examples: Two dollar burger, Happy Meal Direct Marketing through Birthday and Clubs Exposure Spot Set broadly and effectively available Have Drive through where clients can get food Mc Delivery offers choices for home conveyance Holds a better place in the purchasers mind Fun spot for youngsters Physical Evidence Means searching for viewpoints client uses to survey an item and assess its position Top notch principles are kept up Stresses on perfect and sterile insides of its outlets High significance to the presence of the staff and the administration gave. Activity Current Marketing Strategy McDonalds as a world Market Leader has certain objectives which it endeavors to accomplish 100% consumer loyalty, increment its piece of the overall industry and enhance productivity by diminishing expenses. On dissecting the companys showcasing position, coming up next are a piece of the present procedure so as to arrive at its clients: More beneficial nourishments To deal with the difference in pattern towards more beneficial food this McDonalds have changed the manner in which the food is readied. It ensures that 100% vegetable oil is utilized, low fat milk is utilized for milkshakes and the measure of sodium has been chopped down. Food Quality and Nutrition The quality and security of food things are of central significance in McDonalds. This is accomplished through severe item gauges, exacting requirement of working methodology and work in cozy relationship with the providers. Bigger Menus McDonalds targets accomplishing the other significant desire from the buyers (need for decision). To this McDonalds responded by presenting the morning meal menu with an assortment of food items. Aside from this they have additionally presented a great deal of different items. Eatery Diversity The eateries in every area are tweaked and their menus are as per the requirements and requests of the clients in the area, the food on the menu would adjust to the local and ethnic tastes. Brand Positioning McDonalds Brand situating is fundamentally brought out through sponsorship of occasions and sports. It supports occasions like Domes people group program and learning experience and Child Safety Week. Industry Analysis Industry investigation of an association includes the examination in the accompanying classifications: Client Analysis This alludes to purchaser power. The purchaser has a lot of choosing power because of the way that in the event that they are disappointed with the food or administration they can without much of a stretch switch or buy from a substitute item. Yet, it is certain that any association can't fulfill the necessities of the considerable number of buyers. In this manner association separates the market into fragments which show comparable qualities or conduct is important. McDonalds showcase division depends on segment factors Age and Lifestyle. The essential objective markets are seniors, grown-ups and youngsters, yet the most intensely focused on fragment is kids. The market division of McDonalds can be imagined as follows: Market Segments Seniors Grown-ups Adolescents Kids Clients are the individuals who pay cash to gain an associations products or administrations. For a long time McDonalds for the most part focused on the youngsters, anyway this has changed in this decade; McDonalds has turned towards an increasingly broad market. By doing this McDonalds focuses on the family, focusing on a different market Contender Analysis It was said that the Fast Food industry is exceptionally serious (Data Warehousing Case Study: Fast Food, n. d.). McDonalds significant Competitors incorporate that Burger King, Taco Bell, Subway, and Panera Bread. Particularly, KFC, which offers chicken tenders and fries on its menu, works over a 11000 cafés in excess of 80 nations. Cheap food, particularly fries, burger, etc, are thought as trash food in view of unhealthy. There are high prospects of sound substitutes representing a danger to these organizations. Obviously, McDonalds is focusing on the wellbeing side by presentation of solid food things in the menu. Coming up next are the discoveries of the serious situation of McDonalds dependent on the Porters five powers: Competition: This includes how the organization separates itself from its rivals. If there should be an occurrence of McDonalds, as talked about over the significant adversaries are Burger King, KFC and Wendys. In spite of the fact that McDonalds is the Market Leader right now, with the limit of the adversaries developing the opposition appears to be extraordinary. The adversaries are attempting to build their deals by focusing on the wellbeing factors. New Entrants: With such a significant number of mainstream cheap food organizations in the business new contestants are very little if a danger when seen all around. McDonalds has an edge over its rivals as it is all inclusive spread. Purchasers: With sensible costs and fast help gave by McDonalds, there is less degree for clients to move to contenders for the items. With the presentation of the remote office in the a portion of the outlets has added to the fascination. Providers: With the exception of the virus drink from Coca Cola, the organization doesn't have a solitary provider at a worldwide level. For meat it has its own homestead and other crude materials are from neighborhood store Substitutes: There are high prospects of solid substitutes representing a danger to the organization. Despite the fact that McDonalds is c

“Bartleby the Scrivener” by Herman Melville

This short story entitled â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener† by Herman Melville gave as a thought regarding the few intriguing characters with numerous complete opposites characters. However, the one that was grabbed our eye was Bartleby. This man was a scrivener, which, in basic words, was a human portrayal of an advanced copier. He carried out his responsibility outstandingly well; he worked constantly, and completed things quickly and capably. In any case, Bartleby was a man of one expression: â€Å"I would not incline toward to†. He said this as an answer to everything that was mentioned of him other than to duplicate documents.Well truth be told, he totally rejected what his manager requested that he do. This confounded the peruser about Bartleby. Be that as it may, Melville, never appeared to introduce a response to this puzzle. Something else that grabbed my eye was that he never said â€Å"I won't. †, yet â€Å"I incline toward not. † This suggested us that the individual he was conversing with has a decision concerning what Bartleby would or wouldn’t do, yet in such a way, it was clarified that he perplexed the narrator’s emotions, and for a significant stretch of time, it made him acknowledge the announcement as a â€Å"no†.I finished up this as one of the shortcomings of the storyteller as an entrepreneur, and yet made me thought what was Bartleby’s explanation behind reacting in such a manner. I additionally discovered intriguing about him was his living propensities. He chose to remain at the workplace which he didn’t even trouble to solicit the authorization from his chief (the storyteller). He washed, dozed, and worked in that place moreover. He won't (or expressed that he would â€Å"prefer not†) to modify his living arrangements.The storyteller moved his business on the grounds that Bartleby didn’t need to abandon the spot after the new tenant showed up. The storyteller got him however at long last Bartleby was placed into jail as a result of him moreover. To stop the story, Bartleby kicked the bucket at the jail. The storyteller had an examination and found that his last occupation caused him some psychological torment and mental aggravation. In my own perspective, I think if the storyteller found out about the genuine circumstance of Bartleby as ahead of schedule as could be expected under the circumstances, he would treat him with empathy and understanding.The reason of Bartleby by telling â€Å"I incline toward not to,† â€Å"I lean toward not to,† was to confine his self among the rest and his absence of enthusiasm for association. The storyteller clarified in the section beneath how he treated Bartleby, â€Å"I put his work area close up to a little side window in that piece of the room, a window which initially had managed a parallel perspective on certain smudged lawns, and blocks, however which, possessing to in resulting erect ions, instructed at present, no view by any stretch of the imagination, however it gave some light.Within three feet of the sheets was a divider, and the light descended from far above between two elevated structures, as from an exceptionally little opening in a vault. Still further to good game plan, I secured a green collapsing screen, which may altogether separate Bartleby from my sight, however, not expel him from my voice. † The storyteller, himself, had isolated and separated Bartleby from this present reality. As I would like to think, what the storyteller did wasn’t ready to help Bartleby beat his injury from his last work.It just added to the passionate issues that he avoided the beginning. He used to tell the word â€Å"I lean toward not to† on the grounds that he imagined that he couldn’t do anything beside his work and he didn’t even trouble to blend with others since he viewed himself as unsuitable to whatever or whoever. For me, Bartle by didn’t need to disconnect himself from other, so that they couldn’t get him, yet the reality of the situation was the individuals that encompassed him, did the isolation.Because of that, he created negative impressions toward himself as well as other people. As I dissected this short story, I thought of the judgment that segregation was dangerous. It can drive a person to madness, make him puzzled, or even execute his own self. The exercise was not to permit your own self to be overcomed by preferences and separation, and let yourself be disconnected. â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener† by Herman Melville This short story entitled â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener† by Herman Melville gave as a thought regarding the few intriguing characters with numerous complete opposites characters. Be that as it may, the one that was grabbed our eye was Bartleby. This man was a scrivener, which, in basic words, was a human portrayal of a cutting edge copier. He carried out his responsibility extraordinarily well; he worked constantly, and completed things quickly and capably. However, Bartleby was a man of one expression: â€Å"I would not favor to†. He said this as an answer to everything that was mentioned of him other than to duplicate documents.Well actually, he completely declined what his manager requested that he do. This confounded the peruser about Bartleby. In any case, Melville, never appeared to introduce a response to this puzzle. Something else that grabbed my eye was that he never said â€Å"I won't. †, yet â€Å"I lean toward not. † This inferred us that the i ndividual he was conversing with has a decision concerning what Bartleby would or wouldn’t do, however in such a way, it was clarified that he perplexed the narrator’s sentiments, and for a significant stretch of time, it made him acknowledge the announcement as a â€Å"no†.I finished up this as one of the shortcomings of the storyteller as an entrepreneur, and yet made me thought what was Bartleby’s purpose behind reacting in such a manner. I additionally discovered exceptionally intriguing about him was his living propensities. He chose to remain at the workplace which he didn’t even trouble to solicit the authorization from his chief (the storyteller). He washed, rested, and worked in that place moreover. He can't (or expressed that he would â€Å"prefer not†) to modify his living arrangements.The storyteller moved his business in light of the fact that Bartleby didn’t need to clear the spot after the new inhabitant showed up. The storyteller got him however at long last Bartleby was placed into jail in light of him too. To stop the story, Bartleby kicked the bucket at the jail. The storyteller had an examination and found that his last employment caused him some psychological torment and mental aggravation. In my own perspective, I think if the storyteller found out about the genuine circumstance of Bartleby as right on time as could reasonably be expected, he would treat him with sympathy and understanding.The reason of Bartleby by telling â€Å"I incline toward not to,† â€Å"I lean toward not to,† was to separate his self among the rest and his absence of enthusiasm for inclusion. The storyteller clarified in the section underneath how he treated Bartleby, â€Å"I set his work area close up to a little side window in that piece of the room, a window which initially had managed a sidelong perspective on certain tarnished terraces, and blocks, yet which, claiming to in resulting erections, di rected at present, no view by any means, however it gave some light.Within three feet of the sheets was a divider, and the light descended from far above between two grandiose structures, as from a little opening in a vault. Still further to palatable course of action, I acquired a green collapsing screen, which may completely separate Bartleby from my sight, however, not expel him from my voice. † The storyteller, himself, had isolated and disconnected Bartleby from this present reality. As I would like to think, what the storyteller did wasn’t ready to help Bartleby conquer his injury from his last work.It just added to the passionate issues that he avoided the beginning. He used to tell the word â€Å"I incline toward not to† in light of the fact that he believed that he couldn’t do anything beside his work and he didn’t even trouble to blend with others since he viewed himself as unsatisfactory to whatever or whoever. For me, Bartleby didnâ€⠄¢t need to detach himself from other, so that they couldn’t get him, however the fact of the matter was the individuals that encompassed him, did the isolation.Because of that, he created negative impressions toward himself as well as other people. As I investigated this short story, I concocted the judgment that segregation was hazardous. It can drive a person to craziness, make him stunned, or even murder his own self. The exercise was not to permit your own self to be overcomed by biases and segregation, and let yourself be confined.

Essay Topics For Cyberbullying and Internet Usage

Essay Topics For Cyberbullying and Internet UsageWhen you are conducting your essay topic research for Cyberbullying and Internet Usage, you need to know that there are some topics which will be more suitable than others. This is because the nature of the topic depends on the requirements of the essay and the teacher who are doing the assignment. The material which you use should also be appropriate as well. After all, it is the end result that you want.For instance, in the case of Cyberbullying, the topic of the essay topics which are generally used by essay writers is that of cyber bullying. This is because cyber bullying refers to the internet gaming as well as the internet usage which happen between teenage boys and girls. There are lots of people who are into cyber bullying in the western world where boys and girls have been at a competition level, but even in some countries of the world, such as Japan, cyber bullying is a form of entertainment for kids.Some other essay topics w ould include cyber gambling and it would be more suitable if the content of the essay includes information about this particular topic. In this case, it would be better if you will also include the statistics on how many youths are being addicted to gambling online.Another essay topics that are used are about the popularity of the Internet Gaming as well as those essay topics which are more related to the various people who have joined the Internet. These essay topics are usually based on the number of people who are playing games as well as the total number of people who are addicted to the Internet. You might also want to include the importance of cyber-bullying in the essay topic research because, for example, it is easier to hide in the real world.The reason why essay topics for Cyberbullying and Internet Usage are the most popular among the topics that are being researched by students is because they are related to the situations that they face in school. Students are more like ly to include the subject because there are more of them who are facing cyber bullying while they are attending school and going to school.In addition, the topics of Cyberbullying and Internet Usage, which are usually used in school are more specific compared to those essay topics which are used in the essay topic research and topics that are used by students for Cyberbullying and Internet Usage. The topics are related to the incidents which occur between teens and adults.The topics on the Internet which are being researched for is usually the topics which are related to the topics of essay topics that have been recommended by the professors and researchers for further study. The topics include topics like on the role of social networking sites in the cyber bullying and even the concept of personal use of the Internet which is very common nowadays.Those essay topics can be used for a first year college student because you do not require the grade level for the topic that you use. Ho wever, if you have to use the topic for a second or third year, you must have an assigned grade level.

Essay on Unemployment

Worst Social Nightmare When I was little, I often had nightmares about monsters. I used to wake up at night and call my dad who was supposed to frighten them away. Once I asked him if he had ever had bad dreams, my father answered that he often had a nightmare about losing his job. I was puzzled: what was his job compared to my monsters? Only many years later I realized what he meant. Unemployment has always been an important social problem. However, in the last decades it has gained even larger significance. The reasons for that are both demographic and economic. On the one hand, we are a society of an extensive type, which means that the mortality rate is higher than the birth rate and our nation is actually aging. As a result, each year there are more retired people and fewer middle-aged ones who mainly pay taxes and ensure the state budget can guarantee all the social payments. On the other hand, the world economic crisis has affected the stability of our currency and the industries, which traditionally employed a lot of workers. For instance, our famous car manufacturing giants Ford and Chrysler made more than one hundred thousand workers redundant. At the same time, developing countries with their cheap labor force help large companies outsource their production and cut costs. So, the situation becomes a vicious circle: people lose their jobs because of the crisis and stop paying taxes, at the same time the unemployment benefits allow them neither the opportunity for decent existence, nor the possibility to find a well-paid job. They choose to do whatever they can earn money with. But having a low salary means they pay less taxes and this generally decreases the level of the society development.

Compare And Contrast Dido And Aeneas - 850 Words

After viewing the two operas, it is clear that there are many differences and similarities between the two performances. One of the biggest differences I noticed right away was the opera scenery that each of the shows had. L’Orfeo, written by Claudio Monteverdi had a much more theatrical vibe with elaborate scenery, props, and costumes used by the performers. The backdrop changed colors and had scenery images to help with representing the setting and time of day throughout the performance. Many props were used by all roles of the cast. The costumes were more elaborate and detailed compared to that of Dido and Aeneas, written by Henry Purcell. The costumes for L’Orfeo were geared to fitting into the Greek Mythology period since the opera†¦show more content†¦In Dido and Aeneas, Dido, a widowed queen, expresses her love for Aeneas, a Trojan hero. He reciprocates the feelings but is destined to sail away to become the founder of Rome. The opera results in her comm itting suicide because of this. Both plots do encompass similar topics such as love and death. Since both operas were written in the Baroque period they do share that similarity and characteristics in the music style of that period. Italy was highly influential in the operas style because it was the birthplace of opera. Baroque operas were generally based on Greek legends or Roman history which fits in with the plots of the two operas. There are similarities between the two performances orchestras also. Both orchestras contained chordal instruments and bass instruments. An example for bass instruments that both shows had was a cello, and for chordal instruments, both performances had violins along with other instruments as well. The leads in the performances followed the typical voice type for their characters. For example, the female leads were sopranos, which is the highest female voice type. In L’Orfeo the female lead was Eurydice, and in Dido and Aeneas, the female leads were Dido and Belinda, all of which were soprano’s. The male leads were tenors in both performances to represent their role as the male star. In L’Orfeo, Orfeo and Apollo were both tenors, and Aeneas was theShow MoreRelatedDidos Lament781 Words   |  4 PagesDidos Lament amp; Messiah: Ev’ry Valley By: Tabitha Watkins ARTS/340 Mood is the affections (to impress the mid or move the feelings of our emotions, emotional response). Composers of this time shaped or molded a musical language to depict the affections. Music is written to fit the needs of society in our always changing world. 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Sirens and harpies respectively curse and unsucces sfully attempt to lure the men off course. Bad weather however is noted to blow both ships off course. Aeneas lands on an island and lives with the beautiful Dido for a period of time, putting his journeyRead MoreThe Iliad Of All Time Essay1441 Words   |  6 Pagesaround destiny, the Iliad’s underlying theme is human nature and man’s quest for glory through war. The Aeneid, however, consistently reminds us that the glory to be sought is the future history’s glories, basically saying commitment to destiny was Aeneas’ role so that Caesar and his line can reach their glory. Virgil’s audience during his time would have likely been literate aristocratic patriotic Romans, this allows for allusions to their current state, whether is the way the characters dress, theRead MoreCompare and Contrast the Portrayal of the Gods in Virgils Aeneid and Metamorphoses2692 Words   |  11 PagesCOMPARE AND CONTRAST THE PORTRAYAL OF THE GODS IN VIRGILS AENEID AND OVIDS METAMORPHOSES. There is a significant difference in the treatment of the gods in the Aeneid and the Metamorphoses, even though both authors were writing in the epic tradition. Virgil wrote his Aeneid in the last ten years of his life, between 29BC and 19BC, after the Battle of Actium, in 31BC, which was significant, as it established Octavian as the sole emperor, Augustus, of Rome. The Aeneid is a celebrationRead More A Comparison of Leadership Abilities of Odysseus in Odyssey and Aeneas in Aeneid3512 Words   |  15 PagesComparing the Leadership Abilities of Odysseus in Odyssey and Aeneas in Aeneid      Ã‚   These two heroes have embarked from the same destination but on very different journeys. Whilst they are both Iliadic heroes at the start of their stories, they develop and adapt their manner towards the characteristics required of them to succeed. Before we judge them, it is necessary to determine our definition of a successful leader. A hero from the Iliad must be a speaker of words and one who is accomplishedRead MoreEssay on Compare and Contrast of Odysseus and Aeneas2135 Words   |  9 PagesCompare and Contrast of Odysseus and Aeneas Odysseus, the hero in The Odyssey, and Aeneas, the hero in The Aeneid, fought in opposing sides in the Trojan war. Odysseus was the king of Ithaca and was arguably the smartest king and warrior in all of Greece, whereas Aeneas was a warrior from Troy whose destiny was to found the Roman race in Italy. While both men were highly acclaimed by their respective countrymen as heroes, they shared many similarities in respect to their background, their virtue

Xenon Facts - Periodic Table of the Elements

Xenon is a noble gas. The element has atomic number 54 and element symbol Xe. Like all the noble gases, xenon is not very reactive, yet it has been known to form chemical compounds. Here is a collection of xenon facts, including the elements atomic data and properties. Xenon  Basic Facts Atomic Number: 54 Symbol: Xe Atomic Weight: 131.29 Discovery: Sir William Ramsay; M. W. Travers, 1898 (England) Electron Configuration: [Kr] 5s2 4d10 5p6 Word Origin: Greek xenon, stranger; xenos, strange Isotopes: Natural xenon consists of a mixture of nine stable isotopes. An additional 20 unstable isotopes have been identified. Properties: Xenon is a noble or inert gas. However, xenon and other zero valance elements do form compounds. Although xenon is not toxic, its compounds are highly toxic due to their strong oxidizing characteristics. Some xenon compounds are colored. Metallic xenon has been produced. Excited xenon in a vacuum tube glows blue. Xenon is one of the heaviest gases; one liter of xenon weighs 5.842 grams. Uses: Xenon gas is used in electron tubes, bactericidal lamps, strobe lamps, and lamps used to excite ruby lasers. Xenon is used in applications where a high molecular weight gas is needed. The perxenates are used in analytical chemistry as oxidizing agents. Xenon-133 is useful as a radioisotope. Sources: Xenon is found in the atmosphere at levels of approximately one part in twenty million. It is commercially obtained by extraction from liquid air. Xenon-133 and xenon-135 are produced by neutron irradiation in air cooled nuclear reactors. Xenon Physical Data Element Classification: Inert Gas Density (g/cc): 3.52 ( -109 °C) Melting Point (K): 161.3 Boiling Point (K): 166.1 Appearance: heavy, colorless, odorless noble gas Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 42.9 Covalent Radius (pm): 131 Specific Heat (20 °C J/g mol): 0.158 Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 12.65 Pauling Negativity Number: 0.0 First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 1170.0 Oxidation States: 7 Lattice Structure: Face-Centered Cubic Lattice Constant (Ã…): 6.200 References: Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001), Crescent Chemical Company (2001), Langes Handbook of Chemistry (1952), CRC Handbook of Chemistry Physics (18th Ed.) Return to the Periodic Table

Rise of Photography in the World of Art Essay - 1431 Words

The rise of photography began in the early 1830’s in France, and wasn’t very popular as most artists preferred a paintbrush and canvas to a new contraption that wasn’t popular and wasn’t manufactured locally or globally yet and that was fairly expensive to try to produce, and since this time it has been debated if photography deserves its place in the art world. Through the late 1800’s and the early 1900’s it grew in popularity and throughout time photography went from being badly received to a new form of art though people around the world still debate if it is indeed â€Å"art†. Photography has a long history from the first camera obscura in the 18th century to the latest Nikon or Canon camera in the 21st century. Photography is traced†¦show more content†¦In the United States there was a less expensive and more durable portable camera for a photographer to use to take sitting portraits of families being developed. During this time many people were inventing products for cameras and for photographers who needed those products, so as each year went on the cameras had started to be better produced and more durable and less expensive with more training and education. Education was a huge part as well in the making of a camera, and the usage of a camera, people needed trained photographers so schools had started to have classes on photography. The first colour photograph2 was produced in 1861 by James Clark Maxwell, by using primary colours and using those to create a colour photograph during the editing process. This was a huge milestone in photography and instead of having a black and white photograph, we now were on the way to creating colour photography. It may not have been mass-produced until the later 1900’s but it was still a huge first step towards colour photography. The 1800’s were a huge part of the photography world and how it was invented and re-invented every few years, after its invention, and how it made its mark in the art and art historyShow MoreRelatedCover Art Research1844 Words   |  7 Pagestraditional art forms that have been around for millennia, other forms of art have produced millions of objects, and images by almost as many artists. Graphics arts, a relative new comer to the world of art is still in its infancy. With a history stretching back only 25 years, this paper begin w ith a brief history of this art form. In the First paragraph the paper expands on the history and highlights the advancements this style of art has seen over the last two decades. Cover art has made prominentRead MoreGarry Winogrand: The Godfather of Street Photography Essay1308 Words   |  6 Pagesconsideration of photography as art. 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German physicist, Albert Einstein, made public his special theory of relativity, a radically new approach to the new concepts of time, space, motion, and light. Building onRead MoreEssay about History of Photography1254 Words   |  6 PagesSince its inception, photography has been used to capture moments in time all around the world. This wonderful technology has existed since ancient times, and has only improved in recent history, changing society in the process. While we think of photography as a fairly modern invention, that is simply not true. In fact, there are documents on the underlying principle behind photography dating back to as early as the Fifth Century, B.C. The first recorded instance of a photographic image was foundRead MorePhotography Freed Art From Realism1135 Words   |  5 PagesSipsis Mr. Mustoe Art 12 December 2014 Photography freed Art from Realism The camera is an invention that has been around for five hundred years. Over those five hundred years, photography has helped drive advancements in society and art. The invention of photography has allowed western art to be freed from the controversial limitations of realism and has paved the way for extravagant changes in art by changing the way artists use and interpret the elements of art. Some art movements that haveRead MoreEssay on The Influence of Impressionism in Contemporary Art1058 Words   |  5 Pages Throughout the known history the artists have been striving to capture the world around them in an attempt to document the contemporary events and their surroundings or present their own or their client’s vision or an interpretation of a concept that would illustrate, describe or help visualize an idea. The description of the resulting art is often classifies the work as belonging to a specific style thus illustrating a set of common traits between the artifacts belonging to the same period. TwoRead MoreShould Photojournalism or Documentary Photography Be Considred Art?2290 Words   |  10 Pagesrevelation of new and important facts. (Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History.). Sid Grossman, a Photo League photographer expressed this sentiment, summarizing the role photography had on America in the 1940’s and 50’s. During this era, photojournalism climaxed, causing photographers to join the bandwagon or react against it. The question of whether photography can be ar t was settled a long time ago. Most major museums now have photography departments, and the photographs procure pretty hefty pricesRead MoreThe Objectification Of Women During The 20th Century1382 Words   |  6 Pages Objectifying is an adjective often put on the table in conversations about the depiction of women. The Objectification of women did not start with photography, but it certainly did not end with photography either. The progression of objectification was only blossoming in the 19th-20th century. At that time, most acknowledged photographers were men. Men were expected to live a public life, whether it was working in a factory or socializing with ‘likeminded’ men in public places, like parties orRead MoreDad Anti Everything Art1039 Words   |  5 PagesDada: Anti-everything Art World War I was the beginning and end of many things. Gone were the orderly lines of calvary men and soldiers preparing to charge on command, and in came the age of the machine. Technology advances in weaponry made killing even easier and the trenches of WWI became a blood bath. It is in this time of confusion and violence emerged an artistic and literary movement known as Dada. Dada found it s roots in Zurich, Switzerland at the beginning of 1916. According toRead MoreThe Bauhaus : Art Education By Influencing Graphic, Interior, And Typography Design1096 Words   |  5 PagesThe Bauhaus affected art education by influencing graphic, interior, and typography design. It is said that it inspired the rise of many other art schools. In this paper there will be specific information discussed to help each reader in understanding the history of the Bauhaus. Let’s start with a little bit of the back-story of the Bauhaus and its founder Walter Gropius. In 1919 the Bauhaus, a German word meaning house of building, was a school founded in Weimar, Germany by architect Walter

Policymakers have a range of tools to use in conflict...

Policymakers have a range of tools to use in conflict resolution and post-conflict reconstruction. While varied in breath and effect, the political, economic, and military tools policy makers use ties to traditional methods of conflict resolution. However, as conflicts have evolved to occupy the larger and more public stages following globalization, so have the tools. Globalization not only increased state-to-state awareness of inequalities in wealth and resources, but also within states; increasing tension along ethnic and tribal lines. (Bercovitch and Jackson, 5) The political, economic, and military tools used in conflict resolution and post-conflict reconstruction present a deeply interconnected method of reshaping a war-torn†¦show more content†¦Economic measures seek to establish long-term macroeconomic policies and sustainable community development by providing humanitarian relief, essential social services, and communication. Military measures seek to demilitarize po litics and transform cultures of violence through disarmament, demobilization, establishing law and order, and rebuilding military and police forces. Ramsbotham also identifies a fourth tenant not mentioned in the papers question but equally important, social measures. Social measures seek to heal psychological wounds and facilitate reconciliation by building trust and inter-communal dialog. Together these lines of effort replace lost essential infrastructure, rebuild manufacturing capability to support the population, and construct the framework for a state to thrive. (Week 3 Lecture, 3) Yet despite the different goals in each of the categories, they are far from disconnected in practice. Political, economic, and military tools are as intertwined as their counterparts in a Realists Balance of Power system. In The Balance of Power in International Relations, Richard Little describes power as a function of the size of the population and territory, resource endowment, economic capabil ity, military strength, political stability and competence. (Little, 174) Stronger nations tend to show strongerShow MoreRelatedGg Toys Case Solution1064 Words   |  5 Pagesproduced. Geoffrey Doll Specialty Branded Doll #106 Cradles Standard Unit Cost ($) 15.22 35.11 23.72 Selling Price ($) 21.00 36.00 30.00 Margins (New) 28% 2% 21% Margins (Old) 9% 34% 21% Based on these findings, below are the recommendations GG Toys should consider to enhance profitability (in order of priority): †¢ We observed non-viable cost patterns due to high customization and low unit orders by retailers for specialty branded doll #106, hence the management should look at better salesRead MoreEssay on Gg Toys1076 Words   |  5 PagesCASE #4: G.G. Toys 1. Do you recommend that G.G. Toys change its existing cost system in the Chicago plant? In the Springfield plant? Why or why not? G.G. Toys should change its existing cost accounting system from traditional costing to activity-based costing (ABC) in the Chicago plant as it is allocating its entire manufacturing overhead on the basis of just one cost driver: production run direct labor cost. Since overhead at the Chicago plant is high, accurate cost accounting system is requiredRead MoreGg Toys Case Analysis Essay1246 Words   |  5 Pagescontrol, GG Toys should produce the Romaine Patch doll using only the scrap materials and only allow them to be made if there is scrap material available, I recommend this doll being produced. The Romaine Patch doll will bring many positives to the company. When considering the economy if people new they were producing materials that were eco-friendly and advise customers of the recycled materials they are producing, that would bring some positive to the company. Another reason why I believe GG ToysRead Morecase study GG Toys1080 Words   |  5 PagesG.G.   Toys   Ã¢â‚¬â€œ   Nele   Rieve   Ã¢â‚¬â€œ   E01487695   Ã¢â‚¬â€œ   10/14/2014       G.G.    Toys    is    a    leading    manufacturer    of    high- ­Ã¢â‚¬ quality    dolls    located    in    the    US.    The    company    is    popular    for    its    â€Å"Geoffrey    dolls†    but,    due    to    rising    product    costs,    has    included    customized    dolls    and    cradles    in    its    product    mix.    Two    plants    are    used    for    the Read MoreEssay on Gg Toys Case St2258 Words   |  10 PagesG.G.Toys Thedecline margins our popular in on Gtoftry doIIproduct become has intolerable. production Increasing haae costs dropped pretaxmarginto less our than10%, below historical our 257omargins, wearegoing If far to increase margins, need consider our we to drastically shiftingour production towards sfecialtydolts aie that earning large prnniumin priceoaer standard line. a our doll -Robert Parker,President, G.G.Toys Background Robert Parker, president of G.G. Toys, was discussing last monthsRead Moreworksheet Essay607 Words   |  3 Pagescase letter iii. it does not matter what type of letter is used c. In fruit flies, gray body color is dominant over black body color. Using the letter G to represent body color, what is the genotype of a heterozygous gray bodied fly? i. GG ii. gg iii. Gg iv. GGgg d. All of the offspring of two gray bodied flys are also gray. What can you conclude about the genotypes of the parent flies? i. They are both heterozygous. ii. They are both homozygous dominant. iii. They are both homozygousRead MoreExample Of Wreath Products : Wreath Product Of Two Finite Groups705 Words   |  3 Pagesset F^XÃâ€"G={(f,g):f∈F^X,g∈G} by setting (f,g)(f^ ,g^ )=(f∙gf^ ,gg^ ) (*) Then for all (f,g),(f^ ,g^ )∈F^XÃâ€"G,where, with the above notation, (f∙gf^ )(x)=f(x)f (g^(-1) x) for allx∈X. [8] There are basic properties of the wreath product of finite groups. Suppose the set F^XÃâ€"G stasfiies (f,g)(f^ ,g^ )=(f∙gf^ ,gg^ ) and it forms a group, then the identity element is(1_F,1_G). Where 1_F (x)=1_F for all x∈X, and the inverse of (f,g)Read MoreEssay On Platelet Count1049 Words   |  5 Pagesolder in those with GG genotype (38.5 ± 10.25 years), in comparison to those with CC genotype (33.5  ±.71 years) and those with GC genotype (27.9 ± 7.9 years); However, Gaber et al., 2013 found the IL-6 level significantly negatively correlated with the age at disease onset (r =_0.34, p= 0.037) and there was tendency for association between gene polymorphism and age at disease onset (r = _0.32, p= 0.057). Similar to our results the age at disease onset was older in those with GG genotype (38.29 ±Read MoreCase Analysis: Gary Groover vs. International Association of Athletics Federation698 Words   |  3 PagesCase: Gary Groover (GG) v the International Asso ciation of Athletics Federation (IAAF) If it please the Court, Gary Groover is a member of the Jamaican athletic team who receives a portion of his income by competing in professional triathlons, the other portion playing in a reggae band. He has only one hand and has petitioned our organization, the International Association of Athletics Federation (IAAF) to wear a technical device (a swim paddle) in order to compete on the swimming portion of theRead MoreComparison of Great Gatsby and Sonnets from the Portuguese Essay1420 Words   |  6 Pagesclean and their bodies as temples which were not to be ‘decorated’ with jewelry or used for pleasurable sex. Their major role in the household was to have children and maintain the household and were also seen as the property of men. In contrast, â€Å"GG† is a story of Jay Gatsby, a lieutenant in WWI, and his fulfilment of a dream. Set in the 1920s during the roaring 20s in America, Gatsby’s closely follows that of the American Dream. This period, dubbed by F. Scott Fitzgerald as the ‘Jazz Age’, was

Of freindship Essay Example For Students

Of freindship Essay It had been hard for him that spake it to have put more truth and untruth together in few words, than in that speech, Whosoever is delighted in solitude, is either a wild beast or a god. For it is most true, that a natural and secret hatred, and aversation towards society, in any man, hath somewhat of the savage beast; but it is most untrue, that it should have any character at all, of the divine nature; except it proceed, not out of a pleasure in solitude, but out of a love and desire to sequester a mans self, for a higher conversation: such as is found to have been falsely and feignedly in some of the heathen; as Epimenides the Candian, Numa the Roman, Empedocles the Sicilian, and Apollonius of Tyana; and truly and really, in divers of the ancient hermits and holy fathers of the church. But little do men perceive what solitude is, and how far it extendeth. For a crowd is not company; and faces are but a gallery of pictures; and talk but a tinkling cymbal, where there is no love. The Latin adage meeteth with it a little: Magna civitas, magna solitudo; because in a great town friends are scattered; so that there is not that fellowship, for the most part, which is in less neighborhoods. But we may go further, and affirm most truly, that it is a mere and miserable solitude to want true friends; without which the world is but a wilderness; and even in this sense also of solitude, whosoever in the frame of his nature and affections, is unfit for friendship, he taketh it of the beast, and not from humanity. A principal fruit of friendship, is the ease and discharge of the fulness and swellings of the heart, which passions of all kinds do cause and induce. We know diseases of stoppings, and suffocations, are the most dangerous in the body; and it is not much otherwise in the mind; you may take sarza to open the liver, steel to open the spleen, flowers of sulphur for the lungs, castoreum for the brain; but no receipt openeth the heart, but a true friend; to whom you may impart griefs, joys, fears, hopes, suspicions, counsels, and whatsoever lieth upon the heart to oppress it, in a kind of civil shrift or confession. It is a strange thing to observe, how high a rate great kings and monarchs do set upon this fruit of friendship, whereof we speak: so great, as they purchase it, many times, at the hazard of their own safety and greatness. For princes, in regard of the distance of their fortune from that of their subjects and servants, cannot gather this fruit, except to make themselves capable thereof they raise some persons to be, as it were, companions and almost equals to themselves, which many times sorteth to inconvenience. The modern languages give unto such persons the name of favorites, or privadoes; as if it were matter of grace, or conversation. But the Roman name attaineth the true use and cause thereof, naming them participes curarum; for it is that which tieth the knot. And we see plainly that this hath been done, not by weak and passionate princes only, but by the wisest and most politic that ever reigned; who have oftentimes joined to themselves some of their servants; whom both themselves have called friends, and allowed other likewise to call them in the same manner; using the word which is received between private men. L. Sylla, when he commanded Rome, raised Pompey after surnamed the Great to that height, that Pompey vaunted himself for Syllas overmatch. For when he had carried the consulship for a friend of his, against the pursuit of Sylla, and that Sylla did a little resent thereat, and began to speak great, Pompey turned upon him again, and in effect bade him be quiet; for that more men adored the sun rising than the sun setting. With Julius CÃÆ'ƒÂ ¦sar, Decimus Brutus had obtained that interest, as he set him down, in his testament, for heir in remainder, after his nephew. And this was the man that had power with him, to draw him forth to his death. For when CÃÆ'ƒÂ ¦sar would have discharged the senate, in regard of some ill presages, and specially a dream of Calpurnia; this man lifted him gently by the arm out of his chair, telling him he hoped he would not dismiss the senate, till his wife had dreamt a better dream. And it seemeth his favor was so great, as Antonius, in a letter which is recited verbatim in one of Ciceros Philippics, calleth him venefica, witch; as if he had enchanted CÃÆ'ƒÂ ¦sar. Augustus raised Agrippa though of mean birth to that height, as when he consulted with MÃÆ'ƒÂ ¦cenas, about the marriage of his daughter Julia, MÃÆ'ƒÂ ¦cenas took the liberty to tell him, that he must either marry his daughter to Agrippa, or take away his life; there was no third way, he had made him so great. With Tiberius CÃÆ'ƒÂ ¦sar, Sejanus had ascended to that height, as they two were termed, and reckoned, as a pair of friends. Communism (2628 words) EssaySo as there is as much difference between the counsel, that a friend giveth, and that a man giveth himself, as there is between the counsel of a friend, and of a flatterer. For there is no such flatterer as is a mans self; and there is no such remedy against flattery of a mans self, as the liberty of a friend. Counsel is of two sorts: the one concerning manners, the other concerning business. For the first, the best preservative to keep the mind in health, is the faithful admonition of a friend. The calling of a mans self to a strict account, is a medicine, sometime too piercing and corrosive. Reading good books of morality, is a little flat and dead. Observing our faults in others, is sometimes improper for our case. But the best receipt best, I say, to work, and best to take is the admonition of a friend. It is a strange thing to behold, what gross errors and extreme absurdities many especially of the greater sort do commit, for want of a friend to tell them of them; to the great damage both of their fame and fortune: for, as St. James saith, they are as men, that look sometimes into a glass, and presently forget their own shape and favour. As for business, a man may think, if he will, that two eyes see no more than one; or that a gamester seeth always more than a looker-on; or that a man in anger, is as wise as he that hath said over the four and twenty letters; or that a musket may be shot off as well upon the arm, as upon a rest; and such other fond and high imaginations, to think himself all in all. But when all is done, the help of good counsel is that which setteth business straight. And if any man think that he will take counsel, but it shall be by pieces; asking counsel in one business, of one man, and in another business, of another man; it is well that is to say, better, perhaps, than if he asked none at all; but he runneth two dangers: one, that he shall not be faithfully counselled; for it is a rare thing, except it be from a perfect and entire friend, to have counsel given, but such as shall be bowed and crooked to some ends, which he hath, that giveth it. The other, that he shall have counsel given, hurtful and unsafe though with good meaning, and mixed partly of mischief and partly of remedy; even as if you would call a physician, that is thought good for the cure of the disease you complain of, but is unacquainted with your body; and therefore may put you in way for a present cure, but overthroweth your health in some other kind; and so cure the disease, and kill the patient. But a friend that is wholly acquainted with a mans estate, will beware, by furthering any present business, how he dasheth upon other inconvenience. And therefore rest not upon scattered counsels; they will rather distract and mislead, than settle and direct. After these two noble fruits of friendship peace in the affections, and support of the judgment, followeth the last fruit; which is like the pomegranate, full of many kernels; I mean aid, and bearing a part, in all actions and occasions. Here the best way to represent to life the manifold use of friendship, is to cast and see how many things there are, which a man cannot do himself; and then it will appear, that it was a sparing speech of the ancients, to say, that a friend is another himself; for that a friend is far more than himself. Men have their time, and die many times, in desire of some things which they principally take to heart; the bestowing of a child, the finishing of a work, or the like. If a man have a true friend, he may rest almost secure that the care of those things will continue after him. So that a man hath, as it were, two lives in his desires. A man hath a body, and that body is confined to a place; but where friendship is, all offices of life are as it were granted to him, and his deputy. For he may exercise them by his friend. How many things are there which a man cannot, with any face or comeliness, say or do himself? A man can scarce allege his own merits with modesty, much less extol them; a man cannot sometimes brook to supplicate or beg; and a number of the like. But all these things are graceful, in a friends mouth, which are blushing in a mans own. So again, a mans person hath many proper relations, which he cannot put off. A man cannot speak to his son but as a father; to his wife but as a husband; to his enemy but upon terms: whereas a friend may speak as the case requires, and not as it sorteth with the person. But to enumerate these things were endless; I have given the rule, where a man cannot fitly play his own part; if he have not a friend, he may quit the stage.

Food and Beverage Operations Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.c

Question: Discuss about the Food and Beverage Operation Services. Answer: Introduction As referred to by Rutherford and OFallon (2007, p. 244), food establishments tend to be complex institutions that are divided into various operational areas, which include services in food and beverage department, among others. Food and beverage service functions involve many activities that engage the employees in many areas and different kinds of ways. In the bid to delve more into the fundamentals of the dynamics of food and beverage operations, the paper will seek to pay attention to three different levels of food service. The paper will look keenly into the aspects of design and atmosphere, service level, staffing, facilities and equipment, and food and beverage options. The aforementioned elements will be compared across three levels of food service, which will be represented by St. George Foodservices, Burger Urge, and Ezard restaurant. All the selected cases are drawn from Australia. Design and Atmosphere One thing that restaurateurs have to bear in mind is the management of the meal experience of the consumers, which starts when they enter a restaurant and ends when they depart (Davis et al. 2013, p. 22). One area that promotes the meal experience of a consumer rests with the design and atmosphere that a customer is welcomed into. Under the design and atmosphere in food and beverage operations, the factors that are considered take note of the lighting, colours, and sounds (Haghighi et al. 2012, p. 5041). Other elements that are critical to the atmosphere and design of a food establishment take note of the overall cleanliness, the feel of the service, as well as the accompaniment of the service in question. Given the above information on the concepts of design and atmosphere, and while looking at the selected food service levels, it is clear that all the three exercise some sense of the concepts as mentioned earlier, as a means of promoting their food and beverage operations. One important thing to consider about St. George Foodservice is the fact that this distributor emphasizes cleanliness of its delivery trucks, among other things. Burger Urge, on the other hand, has a design that can be referred to as being hip, in addition to the cleanliness of the kitchens and the menus that are offered to consumers. When looking to analyse the components that define the atmosphere and design in Ezard, it is essential to consider that the restaurant tends to have slow background noise that impregnates the space with the desirable atmosphere (Ezard n.d, p. 1). The private dining area in Ezard is separated from the main dining room, thanks to the presence of shimmering curtains. The private dining room has snowy linen that drapes the single boardroom-style table, a fresh arrangement of flowers, and speckled lighting (Ezard n.d, p. 1). Service Level The service level in the food and beverage operations considers the kinds of services that are offered. In Australia, the food and beverage service industry group offers meals, beverages and snacks for consumption both onsite and offsite (Bankwest n.d, p. 3). The service levels include restaurants, fast food joints, cafes and coffee shops, catering services, social clubs, bars and night clubs (Bankwest n.d, p. 3). Other service levels include fine dining, casual dining, and canteens among others. The service levels that characterize the three case examples that have been represented include; fast food outlet, which is represented by Burger Urge, fine dining, which is represented by Ezard restaurant, and catering and deliveries, which is represented by the St. George Foodservice. Staffing Staffing is a critical aspect of the food and beverage operations. As a matter of fact, in the bid to have efficiency in the staffing strategy that is employed in such operations, organizational structures, relevant costs, technology, and the systems that are in place that govern production and services come in handy (Waller 2016, p. 333). The structures and the systems that are in place will determine the skills that are required in a food and beverage operation (Waller 2016, p. 333). In Burger Urge, the staff members are required to have high operational skills and so to instigate this attribute in the employees, ongoing training is required. The staff members in Burger Urge constantly improve their knowledge through the use of structures and procedures that is professionally created (Burger Urge n.d, p. 6). St. George Foodservice is all about the experience that the staff members bring on board (St. George Foodservice 2010, p. 1). St. George Foodservice can provide its range of 2, 000 products thus meeting the needs of the consumers because of the presence of the right skills that the staff members are have or are required to possess. Thanks to the presence of the skilled staff, the foodservice operation can provide all the right ingredients to its clients, which is the motto of the establishment (St. George Foodservice 2010, p. 1). When looking at Ezard, the restaurant tends to look for employees that have a passion for the food and beverage industry, as it is noted on the company website under the career section (Ezard n.d a, p. 1). Ezard is concerned about career development of its staff members, growth opportunities while working in a friendly and team oriented environment (Ezard n.d a, p. 1). Facilities and Equipment Facilities and equipment are required to facilitate the running of a food and beverage establishment. In Australia, a set of standards govern how food premises and equipment should be maintained (Australia New Zealand Standards Code 2001, p. 121). As a matter of fact, the food standards identify the requirements that food premises and equipment therein ought to abide by. If food and beverage operations abide by the guidelines, a promotion of the compliance with the food safety requirement standards occurs (Australia New Zealand Standards Code 2001, p. 121). It is essential to note that the guidelines work in a manner that the chances of having food contamination are eliminated (Australia New Zealand Standards Code 2001, p. 121). Food and beverage operations have to ensure that their premises, fittings, fixtures, facilities, equipment and transport vehicles have a design that allows them to be cleaned, and in certain instances, allow sanitization (Australia New Zealand Standards Code 2001, p. 121). When looking to compare the three levels of food operations, it is apparent that these operations hold their facilities and equipment with high regards. St. George Foodservice makes deliveries to the suburbs in Sydney, as well as the neighbouring areas using trucks that are not only reliable but clean, and temperature-controlled (St. George Foodservice 2010, p. 1). This aspect is essential given that the food operation can promote and maintain HACCP when handling food. Ezard has a subterranean dining room facility that allows customers to enjoy foods that have the Asian influence (Best Restaurants of Australia 2017, p. 1). The food and business philosophies in Ezard restaurant allows it to offer its clients over the top meals, and wines to complement, with an example of a degustation savory (Ezard n.d a, p. 1). The aspect of using the restaurants facilities to offer customers with exquisite experience has maintained the reputation of Ezard. The facilities and equipment in Burger Urge allow the fast food outlet to offer its customers with sauces that are designed in-house, and which are free of preservatives (Burger Urge n.d, p. 1). The restaurant also uses free range products, which include chicken, mayonnaise and eggs (Burger Urge n.d, p. 1). Ezard uses pork that is stall-free and which is slow cooked (Burger Urge n.d, p. 1). Finally, the restaurant uses packaging that is biodegradable (Burger Urge n.d, p. 1). Food and Beverage Options The food and beverage services that are offered by food establishments have been part of the hotel service industry for quite a while (Piotrowski Rogers 2007). The food and beverage options that are offered distinguish the offerings that are provided to clients by various food and beverage establishments. On that note, when looking at St. George Foodservice, the food and beverage options include; dairy products, meat, smallgoods, poultry, general groceries, pasta and bread, seafood, pastry and desserts, as well as fruits and vegetables (St. George Foodservice 2010, p. 1). The food and beverage options in Burger Urge include but not limited to milkshakes, fries, potato chips, onion rings, cheese balls, beef, chicken, vegetables, and salads (Burger Urge n.d, p. 1). The food and beverage options in Ezard are classified under starters (Cucumber, Apple, Oyster shooter-Japanese inspired, etc), mains (spiced pumpkin, mushroom and smoked potato croquettes, etc), sides (Mint, Toasted almond, baby corn and chilli, etc) and desserts (Fruit Loaf and Lavosh, Chocolate Cream, etc) (Ezard n.d a, p. 1). The wine list includes but not limited to Thienot Brut, Jim Barry 'Florita' Riesling, and Pennyweight Gamay (Ezard, n.d b, p. 2 3). Conclusion It is apparent that food and beverage operations are a critical aspect in any foodservice establishment. The three examples presented above confirm that the differences in the service levels distinguish items like the food and beverage options. The systems, facilities that establishments chose to enforce determine the number of loyal diners that they acquire in both the short and the long run. This is true for Ezard, St. George Foodservice and Burger Urge. References Australia New Zealand Standards Code. 2011. Standard 3.2.3. Food Premises and Equipment. Available at: https://www.foodstandards.gov.au/publications/documents/3_2_3.pdf n.d. Food and Beverage Services Industry Report. Available at: https://www.google.com/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=4cad=rjauact=8ved=0ahUKEwjXi9PBm4jUAhXpKMAKHRL5AicQFgg4MAMurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bankwest.com.au%2FBlob%2Fpdf%2F1292539843394%2Ffood-services---bus-insights-pdf.pdf%3Fpdf-link%3Ddocdetailusg=AFQjCNFMQrp4e1bHiqBzMlQwAmXwgcixtQsig2=FYGOXPWrNcD4j-8c1P4MlA Best Restaurants of Australia. 2017. Ezard Melbourne, Victoria. Available at: https://www.bestrestaurants.com.au/vic/melbourne/melbourne-cbd/restaurant/ezard Burger Urge. n.d. Dealers of Delicious. Available at: https://burgerurge.com.au/ Davis, B., Lockwood, A., Pantelidis, I., Alcott, P. (2013). Food and Beverage Management. Florence, Taylor and Francis. https://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=4426538. n.d a. Ezard. Available at: https://ezard.com.au/ n.d b. Ezard. Available at: https://www.ezard.com.au/system/files/1271/original/ez_current_wine_list.pdf?1494817955 Haghighi, M., Dorosti, A., Rahnama, A. and Hoseinpour, A., 2012. Evaluation of factors affecting customer loyalty in the restaurant industry. African Journal of Business Management, 6(14), p.5039. Piotrowski, C. M., Rogers, E. A. (2007). Designing Commercial Interiors. New York, John Wiley Sons. https://rbdigital.oneclickdigital.com Rutherford, D.G. and O'Fallon, M.J. eds., 2007. Hotel Management and Operations. George Foodservice. 2010. St. George Foodservice. Available at: https://www.stgeorgefoodservice.com.au/ Waller, K. (2016). Improving Food and Beverage Performance. [S.l.], Routledge.

Langston Hughes free essay sample

Several poets have more than poem in our text. Select one characteristic theme (or other element) and compare the two poems by the same author. Influenced by the need to share the society of black American life during the sass through 1 sass, Longs Hughes was inspired by Jazz music which was popular among black Americans during the time of his writing. He told the stories of his people in ways that mirrored their genuine culture, including both their agony and their love of music, laughter, and language Itself.The poems written by Hughes, Dream Boogie and The weary Blues best exemplify his love for music In his work while also combining the view of a black Americans struggle with everyday life. Both poems are based around music, but the difference between the two Is the tempo of the rhythm. Dream Boogie has an upbeat tempo compared to the slow, dragged on tempo of The Weary Blues At first look of Dream Boogie, It Is clearly a poem that has been Inspired by Jazz music. We will write a custom essay sample on Langston Hughes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The structures of the poem lines are Irregular, and Italicized words give the impression that the audience responds to the lines. For example, in lines 8-9 the audience responds, you think/ Its a happy beat? the tempo of the rhythm is cut worth but picks up again in lines 10-14. Longs Hughes, however, in The Weary Blues gives the poem a slow rhythm typical of blues songs. In lines 6-7 He did a lazy sway. The reader can pretty much here the crooning of the words being said that gives a dragged on feel to it.This poem is more overtly sad sounding compared to Dream Boogie because of the choice of blues, instead of the upbeat jazzy feel. Although both poems are read or even sung differently, you cannot be confused by the jolly, upbeat tempo of Dream Boogie. Behind the fast pace rhythm, both Dream Boogie and The Weary Blues, concealed beneath a seemingly happy rhythm. However, the message is an unhappy one. Hughes explains how the entire race of his people is denied their dream that was promised to them. Good morning, daddy! Mint you heard/ The boogie-woozier rumble/ Of a dream deferred? (lines 1-4 Hughes) provides an example of Hughes telling the audience that their dream has been deferred. Similarly, in lines 27-30 of The Weary Blues, Hughes shows the disappointment of his race, Got the weary Blues/ And scant be satisfied-I I mint happy no MO/ And I wish that I had died. This feeling is expressed well in the poem because the blues give it a sadder and depressing tone.The fact that the speaker is singing the poem makes It all more heart breaking to hear the sad words that Longs Hughes writes. Although both poems take two different types of music, Jazz and Blues, Hughes uses the rhythms to amplify his meaning behind his words. Humor, despair, and sorrow are shown throughout Dream Boogie and The Weary Blues to tell the stories of his people In ways that reflect their actual culture, for both their suffering and laughter. Longs Hughes Tyler brings out the rhythm, sounds and cadences of Jazz and blues throughout both poems.

Sample Truncated Essay on Factors Which Contribute to the Prevalence of HIV/AIDS

Sample Truncated Essay on Factors Which Contribute to the Prevalence of HIV/AIDSA sample truncated essay on factors which contribute to the prevalence of HIV/AIDS is a guide to the student who wishes to write a good paper. This type of essay is useful as a stepping stone to developing mastery in using word processing software. It is the best way to learn how to write a paper as a whole and to avoid procrastination.When students look for samples they are asked to download these by following specific instructions. They then need to install the software on their personal computers and develop a brief outline of the research they intend to do. The outline should cover the research that the student will be carrying out, the audience, the steps involved in doing the research, the relevance of the research, and the overall structure of the paper.Topics in biology, sociology, linguistics, and other subjects are all used for the topic outline. Students are given an outline of topics in this o rder so that they can choose one that is appealing to them and do a little work to make it the focus of their research.Sample truncated essays on factors which contribute to the prevalence of HIV/AIDS are in fact all the same but they each have a different format. The major difference between the formats comes from the fact that there are certain common themes running through the essays. The sample essay on factors which contribute to the prevalence of HIV/AIDS can be used as a model of how the essay should be formatted.The sample truncated essay on factors which contribute to the prevalence of HIV/AIDS starts with a chapter heading on the disease itself. The chapter heading is crucial because it sets the tone for the essay. In addition, it is also important to explain how the general public views the disease and how the disease affects the world today. Some of the sample essays on HIV/AIDS that use this format are The Pervasive Epidemic: The HIV/AIDS Epidemic in the Western World, and Trends in AIDS Research in the US and Canada.The chapter in the form of a table of contents follows three paragraphs that include the title of the essay, the first paragraph, and the middle paragraph. The first paragraph is generally a summary of the entire essay. The second paragraph is a brief description of the section, which was covered in the chapter. The third paragraph is a conclusion to the essay and contains a summary of what was discussed.After the chapter and the table of contents the essay is explained by the reasons why the writer believes that the disease is prevalent in the world today. These reasons include the increase in globalization and rapid urbanization, education, sex and the fight against AIDS, and the development of medicine and research, which are among the reasons the author believes to be major contributors to the problem. Sometimes these reasons are stated in the form of an appeal, in which case the author states the reasons in an attempt to appeal t o the reader's reason.Writing a sample truncated essay on factors which contribute to the prevalence of HIV/AIDS does not take much time. Students can begin to practice this technique by reading and understanding the different examples that are used in this type of paper, and practicing writing the sample essay as they would any other paper.

Product Review of Do 2 Learn

Product Review of Do 2 Learn Visit Their Website In search of emotions cards to use as part of my social skills programs and the article I wrote on Emotional Literacy, I found Do2Learn.com, a great resource for emotions, but with a range of other offerings. Not everything on offer is of equal quality or value, but the unique quality of the free games and social skill songs make the whole site worth adding it to your favorites. In an effort to make a full offering of activities as well as their super interactive games, the publisher put up some kind of lame art and writing activities. They are overly simple, lack much specificity and replicate things that are free on other sites. The interactive games, on the other hand, are super for children with disabilities, especially students with poor skills and an interest in computers. They are also great for classrooms with Smart Boards or Promethean Boards, as these boards act as giant touch screens, and students with poor motor skills get a bit of gross motor activity in as well. A Mix of Free and Inexpensive Games and Resources The free computer games and songs come with some companion activities, which are generally sold as inexpensive digital files delivered to your email. Resources for Emotions I stumbled on the site in search of emotions cards. I have a set that was already in my classroom, but I wanted to find other resources to recommend to my readers. I stumbled on the feelings cards that  you can print on your color printer. It uses the faces of real models, faces that reflect diverse ages, races and ethnic backgrounds. And when I found the ​Feelings Game, another free resource, I was delighted. I have been using it with my class on the Smart Board in my classroom. My students take turns tapping the sad or angry person on the nose. It also has three levels, from matching the face to the emotion, moving on level 2, where you read a scenario, and choose how a person would feel, and finally reading a scenario and naming the emotion you see on the persons face. There is a second free activity is the Facial Expressions game, which allows children to manipulate facial simulations to mirror human facial expressions. In some ways they seem kind of creepy, but students on the autism spectrum love the computer, and it does help them isolate specific aspects of facial expressions, from the direction of the eyes to the shape of the mouth. A Cursory Survey of Disabilities and Disabilities Terms It seems that the creators of Do2Learn are attempting to create a comprehensive special education website, but the informational pages are cursory at best. The disabilities sections offer both definitions of the disabilities and an adjoining page that lists strategies. And List is the right word: the strategies are dense and dont provide the logic behind choosing specific interventions. They are not written with enough specificity to inform the novice, nor enough structure to help professional plan interventions. Worksheets and Activities for Students with Disabilities The Do 2 Learn team also attempt to provide a broad range of activities, activities for students from a range of ages, disabilities and challenges. I work in the same field, and know the challenges of creating attractive worksheets and materials to support the range of needs for children. They include fine motor activities like cutting, letter recognition and Math activities. I find the activities they create worthwhile, but with poor production values. By all means, feel free to use them, but they are not the reason for a trip to Do 2 Learn. Picture Cards Do2Learn has created their own pictures cards to be used for Picture Exchange. They seem pretty comprehensive, and may work as a suitable substitute for PECS, Boardmaker symbols or Pogo Symbols. They claim to have over 2,000 symbols, but without access to their picture making system, its hard to gauge the range and readability of the pictures. Still, Id check them out before purchasing one of the other two systems. Do 2 Learn: The Destination for the Feelings and Emotions Resources Put Do 2 Learn in your favorites, if you are doing social skills and emotional literacy activities. These are outstanding. The color and math Mahjong games will be fun for your students, as well. Put shortcuts on the computers your students use, especially for young students or students with emerging skills. They will enjoy them. The other activities that make it worth the trip are the social skill songs for safety. Not songs you will want on your IPod; still, paired with short videos they are catchy and will help young students with disabilities remember important steps to guarantee personal safety. By all means, make the trip. Check out Do2Learn and see if they have resources you can use. Visit Their Website

A Study on Funeral Rites Workers in Tamil Nadu

In the Hindu religion, the death of a person is followed by many rituals which have to be carefully attended to in order to pay the deceased person the last respects. Unlike many other cultures, which will either bury or burn the dead, the Hindu tradition believes in cremating the dead. This goes back to the belief that the human body is made up of the five elements earth, water, fire, air and space and shall return to those five elements after death. This happens much faster when cremated than when buried and is thus the better way to dispose of the dead body with respect and dignity to the deceased person. The Last Rites: When a person dies, the family and relatives prepare the dead body before taking it to the crematorium. For this they first wash the body and gather firewood to burn it. To prepare the wood, they take some sand and cow dung from nearby, mix it with water and paste it onto the wood. Often the family members will also put rice in the mouth of the dead person, symbolically showing the unity of the family; for the family members have taken care of that person and provided him with food while he was alive and will do so even after he is dead. They also use some dried leaves to put them with some more firewood on the body. According to the Hindu customs and tradition, the youngest son cremates the father and the eldest son does the same for the mother. The main work of the cremator is to attend to the dead bodies until they have fully burnt to ashes, with only the bones remaining whole. After the body is fully burnt, the cremators send a message to the family members and the sons will sacrifice their hair in order to pay their respects to the deceased person. Again, the younger son will let his hair be cut if the father died and the elder son if the mother died. To pay the barber for cutting the hair, each family member throws some money in a white cloth, which is then given to the barber. Three days after the cremation the family members sprinkle milk on the ashes and the remaining bones. This symbolizes finishing the circle of life and death. The human being has started his life with drinking milk and shall end it with milk too. Dark Uses: An interesting fact about the cremation was the use of the distilled blood which remains after the body is fully burnt. The thick, dark liquid is often collected by people for purposes of black magic use. This concentrated blood is then mixed with the blood of a cat, monkey, snake, dog and donkey and put on a cloth, which is then burned to obtain black ink with strong magical powers. People usually use the blood in order to obtain the love of the person they want to marry. For this purpose the black magicians will write the name of the person they want to marry with this black ink on a piece of paper and burn it in a copper plate. To make sure this will affect the right person, the person using black magic writes down the names of all the family members too. This is believed to succeed under all circumstances. The last Vettiyans: A musical tradition and a degraded low caste profession: As the feudal, caste-based organization of labor in village India has given way to capitalist market forces and wage labor relations, traditional low caste professions are beginning to disappear. One of these professions is the inherited, highly stigmatized office of funeral drummer and graveyard attendant, called Vettiyans. In Tranquebar, only one person from the Paraiyar caste is still serving as vettiyan, and even he dreams about a better future for his son. This article examines the gradual disappearance of the Vettiyans profession in Tranquebar and the neighboring villages in relation to the general changes in the economic, social, and symbolic status of the low castes. It looks into the ambiguous symbolic meanings of drums and drumming, and compares the Vettiyans profession to that of other drummers and musicians from the Paraiyar caste. The article focuses on the subtle cultural encounters between people, who belong to the same caste and share almost similar cultural backgrounds, but still define each other as ‘others’. It argues that the few remaining Vettiyans are used by their Paraiyar caste fellows as symbolic repositories of the negative, degrading connotations of untouchability and impurity that are still associated with their existence and which they vehemently strive to escape. The last remaining Vettiyans in Tranquebar also dreams of a better future for his son free from the regular abuses at the funeral ceremonies of mainly the fishermen community and from the social isolation at home in the Paraiyar street. He is therefore determined to be the very last Vettiyans in Tranquebar, despite the fact that his teenage son is a very talented tappu player, who often goes along with his father to play at local funerals. If the Vettiyans son manages to find an alternative source of livelihood, the Vettiyans profession will completely disappear in Tranquebar and with that a distinct musical tradition, which for centuries has been closely associated with the cultural and artistic traditions of the Paraiyar caste. Do you know that there are significant differences in the funeral customs among lower and upper caste families? I am talking about funerals in Tamil Nadu villages where the old customs are still practiced (not in metropolitan areas). In the so-called upper caste families, the dead body is taken to the final resting place without much fanfare. There is usually a small or large gathering of friends and family but the funeral procession is a sober, quiet affair. On the contrary, among the so-called lower castes (or untouchables or dalits), the funeral procession is accompanied by musical instruments and much noise. Do you know the reasons for this difference? I heard the following explanation years ago from Kumari Mainthan, a rather lesser known writer-speaker but with some good and original ideas. In the bad old days, lower caste families were not allowed to celebrate their wedding functions with music and gaiety. Only the upper castes were allowed that privilege. It bothered the lower castes and they longed for some gaiety in their functions too. So they decided to conduct their funerals with music and noise. This is the root for the diversity in funeral customs between the lower and upper castes. IMPORTANCE OF VETTIYANS: Importance of Vettiyans can be clearly explained through the following case. CHENNAI: It is not an easy end, both for the dead and their relatives who arrive at the graveyard located at Ambedkar Nagar in Tambaram as there is no employee or Vettiyans to do the final rites there for many years. The graveyard, located in the 20th ward at Tambaram, is more than five decades old and is under the control of the Tambaram municipality catering to the needs of both Hindus and Christians. Absence of a Vettiyans had raised many problems among the residents as the relatives have to make the pyre or bury the body themselves that sometimes leads to improper cremation or burial. Residents claim that the bodies were cremated in odd hours especially between 4pm and 1 am, as there is no one to maintain the yard or question the people. The five-acre site is used for cremation by over 10,000 families of Ambedkar Nagar, Bharathi Nagar, Avvai Nagar, MGR Nagar, Indra Nagar and Rajaji Nagar. According to the residents, at least two to three bodies were cremated a week there. There has been no Vettiyans or a watchman to maintain the graveyard for more than 20 years. We should bury the bodies ourselves and cannot obtain a burial certificate. The worst is, at times, stray dogs drag parts of bodies even as it is in the pyre,† said 40-year-old Prakash, a resident. â€Å"Sometimes, we won’t even know if the person being cremated had a natural death or committed suicide,â₠¬  the resident quickly added. Many local youth offer to cremate the bodies and take Rs 2,000 to Rs 3,000 but they don’t stay there till it burns completely, complain people. Repeated requests to the municipality to come up with halls to perform final rites and meditation have not been yielded any result. â€Å"We have invited applications for both watchman and Vettiyans job, but none approached us. But another ground with all facilities for funeral rites is under construction at West Tambaram. That will solve the issue once it’s ready,† said Lion E Mani, President, and Tambaram Municipality. HISTORY: In the Indian subcontinent, human bodies were either exposed to the elements of nature, and to the birds, or buried in the earth, in a river, and sometimes a cave or an urn. Centuries later, cremation became the usual mode of disposal of the dead bodies, with certain exceptions – the exceptions being bodies of infants, yogis, sadhus, and a few others. Cremation became popular due to the Hindu concept of detachment of soul from the body at the time of death, and the transmigration of the soul from one body to another. Stages: Hindu funeral rites may generally be divided into four stages: * The rituals and rites to be performed when the person is believed to be on the death bed. Rites which accompany the disposal of the dead body. * Rites which enable the soul of the dead to transit successfully from the stage of a ghost (preta) to the realm of the ancestors, the Pitrs. * Rites performed in honor of the Pitrs. Process Preparation of the body Immediately after the death, family members close the mouth and eyes of the deceased, and put the arms straight. The body is placed on the floor with the feet pointing towards the south which is the direction of the dead. An il lamp is lit and placed near the body which is kept burning continuously for the first three days following death. In Hinduism, the dead body is considered to be symbol of great impurity hence minimal physical contact is maintained, perhaps to avoid the spread of infections or germs. Most often the body is bathed by purified water, and then dressed in new clothes. If the dead is male or a widow then generally white clothes are used, whereas if the dead is a married woman with her husband still alive or a young unmarried girl, then the body is dressed either in red or yellow. Sacred ash (bhasma) is applied on the forehead of the deceased if they are worshippers of Lord Shiva (Saivites), otherwise sandalwood paste is applied to the forehead, if the dead was a worshipper for Lord Vishnu (Vaishnava). Further, a few drops of the holy Ganges water may be put into the mouth of the deceased so that the soul may attain liberation, also a few leaves of the holy basil (tulsi) are placed on the right side of the dead body. The body then may be adorned with jewels, and placed lying on a stretcher, with the feet still pointing towards the south or kept in a sitting position. The stretcher is adorned with different flowers including roses, jasmine, and marigolds, and the body is almost completely covered with the flowers. Thereafter, the close relatives of the deceased person carry the stretcher on their shoulders to the cremation ground. If it is located at a distance, traditionally the stretcher is placed on a cart pulled by animals such as bullocks. Nowadays vehicles are also used. Cremation: The cremation ground is called Shmashana (in Sanskrit), and traditionally it is located near a river, if not on the river bank itself. A pyre is prepared, on which the corpse is laid with its feet facing southwards; this is so the dead person can walk in the direction of the dead. The jewels, if any, are removed. Thereafter, the chief mourner (generally the eldest son for those who have children, husband for the childless married or brother for the unmarried) walks around the pyre three times keeping the body to his left. While walking he sprinkles water and sometimes ghee onto the pyre from a vessel. He then lights a small fire inside deceaseds mouth, this is known as mukh-aagni. The pyre is then set alight with a flaming torch. The eginning of the cremation heralds the start of the traditional mourning period, which usually ends on the morning of the 13th day after death. When the fire has consumed the body, which may take several hours, the mourners return home. During this mourning period the families of the dead are bound by many rules and regulations of ritual impurity. Immediately after the cremation the enti re family is expected to have a bath. One or two days after the funeral, the chief mourner returns to the cremation ground to collect the mortal remains and put them in an urn. These remains are then immersed in a river. Those who can afford it may go to special sacred places like Varanasi, Haridwar, Allahabad, Sri Rangam, Brahmaputra on the occasion of Ashokastami and Kanya Kumari to perform this rite of immersion of mortal remains. The preta-karma is an important aspect of Hindu funeral rites, and its objective is to facilitate the migration of the soul of the dead person from the status of a preta (ghost or spirit) to the abode of the ancestors (Pitrs)[citation needed]. It is believed that if this stage of the funerary rites are not performed or are performed incorrectly, the spirit of the dead person will become a ghost (bhuta)[citation needed]. The rites generally last for ten or eleven days, at the end of which the preta is believed to join the abode of the ancestors. Thereafter, they are worshipped during the sraddha ceremonies. Manual burning: The following is a general practice in India. The body is handed over to the Government officials at the crematorium. The officials will give consent to burn the body once you produce a doctors certificate of death. The person in charge of the actual burning covers the body with wooden logs and then with dried dung cakes. The face is closed at the last minute. The karta is given burning pieces of coal and he places the coal very tenderly on the chest of the departed. Then the face is covered with cloth. The funeral party returns home after this. The person in charge takes care of the further burning. He ensures that the body is fully burnt. Electric burning: The body is kept on a bamboo frame on rails near the door of the electric chamber. The door is opened, the frame is moved, the body is put into position and the frame is pulled back. Then the operator turns the switch on. The target temperature is around 500 degrees Celsius. The chamber coils are kept on right from the morning, body or no body. It takes around an hour for the body to burn. The black smoke can be seen from the very tall chimney above the chamber. (Here also, the karta puts the burning pieces of coal on the chest of the body before the body is pushed into the chamber). The ashes are given to the karta. Again there are some mantras and work on the ground. Once over, the karta goes to a water body, such as a beach, and immerses the ashes in the water (sanjayanam). For electrical burning the body should not be bathed. Hindu Rites amp; Rituals: After the death of a family member, the relatives become involved in ceremonies for preparation of the body and a procession to the burning or burial ground. For most Hindus, cremation is the ideal method for dealing with the dead, although many groups practice burial instead; infants are buried rather than cremated. At the funeral site, in the presence of the male mourners, the closest relative of the deceased (usually the eldest son) takes charge of the final rite and, if it is cremation, lights the funeral pyre. After a cremation, ashes and fragments of bone are collected and eventually immersed in a holy river. After a funeral, everyone undergoes a purifying bath. The immediate family remains in a state of intense pollution for a set number of days (sometimes ten, eleven, or thirteen). At the end of that period, close family members meet for a ceremonial meal and often give gifts to the poor or to charities. A particular feature of the Hindu ritual is the preparation of rice balls (pinda) offered to the spirit of the dead person during memorial services. In part these ceremonies are seen as contributing to the merit of the deceased, but they also pacify the soul so that it will not linger in this world as a ghost but will pass through the realm of Yama, the god of death. CHAPTER 2 INTRODUCTION amp; RESEARCH METHODOLOGY GENERAL INTRODUCTION: A funeral is a ceremony of sanctifying or remembering the life of deceased person. It comprises of many complex belief and various types of practices followed by peoples of various community. This event of sanctifying or remembering is on the hands of FUNERAL RITES WORKER (VETTIYANS). It is a service motive work which involves lots of ethical values and customs on religious aspect. This work is very dangerous and hazardous work but there is no proper recognization given to them neither from society nor from government here the importance and need of this study arises. In the Hindu religion, the death of a person is followed by many rituals which have to be carefully attended to in order to pay the deceased person the last respects. Unlike many other cultures, which will either bury or burn the dead, the Hindu tradition believes in cremating the dead. This goes back to the belief that the human body is made up of the five elements earth, water, fire, air and space and shall return to those five elements after death. This happens much faster when cremated than when buried and is thus the better way to dispose of the dead body with respect and dignity to the deceased person. When a person dies, the family and relatives prepare the dead body before taking it to the crematorium. For this they first wash the body and gather firewood to burn it. To prepare the wood, they take some sand and cow dung from nearby, mix it with water and paste it onto the wood. Often the family members will also put rice in the mouth of the dead person, symbolically showing the unity of the family; for the family members have taken care of that person and provided him with food while he was alive and will do so even after he is dead. They also use some dried leaves to put them with some more firewood on the body. According to the Hindu customs and tradition, the youngest son cremates the father and the eldest son does the same for the mother. The main work of the cremator is to attend to the dead bodies until they have fully burnt to ashes, with only the bones remaining whole. After he body is fully burnt, the cremators send a message to the family members and the sons will sacrifice their hair in order to pay their respects to the deceased person. Again, the younger son will let his hair be cut if the father died and the elder son if the mother died. To pay the barber for cutting the hair, each family member throws some money in a white cloth, which is the n given to the barber. Three days after the cremation the family members sprinkle milk on the ashes and the remaining bones. This symbolizes finishing the circle of life and death. The human being has started his life with drinking milk and shall end it with milk too. STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: There is a strong stigma on the Funeral Rites Worker through the ages. Most of the time they were all alone in the cremation ground and detached from the society. Though it is a dangerous and hazardous work government not provided any schemes and policies to the Funeral Rites Worker especially in rural setup. NEED OF STUDY: As per the Indian constitution Article 14 All human beings are equal in the eyes of law but these community people were highly exploited by the other people in various aspects like social, economical, political, psychological etc†¦.. Hence the need of this study arises. Definition: A funeral is a ceremony for celebrating, respecting, sanctifying, or remembering the life of a person who has died. Funerary customs comprise the complex of beliefs and practices used by a culture to remember the dead, from interment itself, to various monuments, prayers, and rituals undertaken in their honor. Customs vary widely between cultures, and between religious affiliations within cultures. The word funeral comes from the Latin funus, which had a variety of meanings, including the corpse and the funerary rites themselves. Funerary art is art produced in connection with burials, including many kinds of tombs, and objects specially made for burial with a corpse. GENERAL OBJECTIVE: * To study the status of Funeral Rites Worker (Vettiyans) SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: * To study the living condition of F. R. W (Vettiyans) * To study the livelihood conditions of the respondents * To study about the social capital of the respondents * To study the grievances in relation to the respondents * To study the government initiatives towards the respondents * To study the F. R. W in human right perspective * To study the nature of service of the respondents To study the impact of caste on F. R. W * To study the problems and issues related to respondents in various aspects like health, psychological, economical, life threat. * To study the policy and legislation frame work for F. R. W (Material culture) RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: 1. FIELD OF STUDY. This study was conducted in Tiruvalangadu block, Thiruvallur district, Tamilnadu. This consists of 48 villages. 2. PILOT STUDY. The researcher done his pilot study on 18th July 2012 to know about the research area and to collect information from the local funeral rites workers of Tiruvalangadu block at Thiruvallur district. This pilot study was very much useful to know about the (FRW) i. e. in regional language VETTIYANS. This visit helped the researcher to frame the interview schedule to collect data. 3. RESEARCH DESIGN. The researcher adopted descriptive design which is used to describe more clearly about the research topic because the researcher felt that this design will help the researcher to fulfill the objectives of the research. 4. SAMPLING TECHNIQUE. The samples were segregated under area sampling. The researcher selected each respondent from each village; hence it is called as area sampling. 5. TOOL FOR DATA COLLECTION. Collection of data is the basis for any statistical analysis and the data collected must be accurate. Researcher adopted interview schedule to collect data. 6. SOURCES OF DATA. A. PRIMARY DATA These are the actual information’s which are received by the researcher directly from the field of research. These data’s are collected by the researcher for a specific purpose B. SECONDARY DATA Secondary data’s are available generally from the published and unpublished materials. The researcher collected data from the available books, journals, magazines, newspapers and in relevant websites. . PRE-TESTING. The pre-testing was conducted by the researcher on 6th January 2013, with 3 respondents from three villages. 8. ACTUAL DATA COLLECTION. The actual data collection starts from February 9th to 24th in Thiruvallur district, Tiruvalangadu block. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY: 1. It was very difficult to collect the information from the FRW because most of the time they were using alcohol. 2. Availability of the respondents. 3. Finding the right man is too much difficult. CHAPTER – 3 ANALYSIS amp; INTREPRETATION EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION OF THE RESPONDNTS TABLE 1 EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION OF THE RESPONDNTS| VARIABLES| NO. OF. RESPONDENTS| Percent| | ILLITERATE| 41| 77. 4| | PRIMARY EDUCATION| 8| 15. 1| | HIGHER SECONDARY| 1| 1. 9| | Total| 50| 100| | | | | | | | The above table and figure shows the educational qualification of the respondents. Almost majority of the respondents who involved in the funeral work are illiterate, i. e. 77. 4 % of the respondents were not studied at all. 15% of the respondents stopped their education in the primary level itself. Out of 50 respondents only 1 respondent studied higher secondary level. TABLE 2 MARITAL STATUS OF THE RESPONDENTS| VARIABLES| NO. OF. RESPONDENTS| Percent| | MARRIED| 49| 98| | WIDOW| 1| 2| | Total| 50| 100| | | | | | | | MARITAL STATUS OF THE RESPONDENTS This table shows the marital status of the respondents. From the above table and diagram we come to know that 98 % of the respondents were married and 2 % of the respondent is widow. TABLE 3 COMMUNITY OF THE RESPONDENTS| VARIABLES| NO. OF. RESPONDENTS| Percent| | SC| 40| 75. 5| | ST| 10| 24. 5| | Total| 50| 100| | | | | | | | COMMUNITY OF THE RESPONDENTS This table and chart shows that 75% of the overall respondents were coming under the category of schedule caste. Remaining 25% of the respondents are schedule tribes. This chart and table helps the researcher to prove the hypothesis that the funeral rites work is seemed to be a caste based job. TABLE 4 OCCUPATION OF THE RESPONDENT| VARIABLES| NO. OF. RESPONDENTS| Percent| | FARMER| 10| 18. 9| | COOLIE| 28| 52. 8| | LABOURERS| 12| 22. 6| | Total| 50| 100| | | | | | | | OCCUPATION OF THE RESPONDENT This chart helps us to find that 53% of funeral rites workers are working as a coolie. 3% of the respondents are working as a laborer and 19% of the respondents are farmers. Apart from the funeral work they are working no run their day to day life. TABLE 5 TYPE OF RESPONDENTS FAMILY| VARIABLES| NO. OF. RESPONDENTS| Percent| | NUCLEAR| 48| 96. 2| | JOINT| 2| 3. 8| | Total| 50| 100| | | | | | | | TYPE OF RESPONDENTS FAMILY This table and chart shows that out of 5o respondents 48 respondents ar e living as a nuclear family. Only 2 respondents are living in joint family. TABLE 6 ANNUAL INCOME OF THE RESPONDENT| | NO. OF. RESPONDENTS| Percent| | BELOW 24000| 50| 100| | | | | | | | ANNUAL INCOME OF THE RESPONDENT This table and figure clearly tells us that all the 50 respondents i. e. 100% of the respondents are earning below 24000 per annum which is very low in the present economic situation. TABLE 7 RELIGION OF THE RESPONDENTS| VARIABLE| NO. OF. RESPONDENTS| Percent| | HINDHU| 50| 100| | | | | | | | RELIGION OF THE RESPONDENTS This table and diagram shows the religion of the respondents. After data collection we come to know that all the respondents who are engaged in this cremation work are coming under Hindu religion. TABLE 8 MOTHER TOUNGE OF THE RESPONDENTS| VARIABLES| NO. OF. RESPONDENTS| Percent| | TAMIL| 48| 90. 6| | TELUGU| 2| 3. 8| | Total| 50| 94. 3| Missing| System| 3| 5. 7| Total| 53| 100. 0| MOTHER TOUNGE OF THE RESPONDENTS This table and diagram represents that the local language or the mother tongue of the respondents. The output is 48 respondents are speaking Tamil and 2 respondents speaking Telugu. TABLE 9 BOUNDNESS OF FAMILY MEMBERS OF THE RESPONDENTS| | NO. OF. RESPONDENTS| Percent| Valid| YES| 37| 69. 8| | NO| 13| 24. 5| | Total| 50| 94. 3| Missing| System| 3| 5. 7| Total| 53| 100. 0| BOUNDNESS OF FAMILY MEMBERS OF THE RESPONDENTS This diagram and chart represents the boundness of the family members with the respondents. After data collection we come to know that 37 respondents replied that they are having good relationship with the members of the family but rest of the respondents i. e. 13 respondents said that they are not recognized or there is no proper good relationship between the respondents and other family members. TABLE 10 NEIBHOURS RELATIONSHIP WITH RESPONDENTS| VARIABLES| NO. OF. RESPONDENTS| Percent| Valid| GOOD| 19| 35. 8| | BAD| 31| 58. 5| | Total| 50| 94. 3| Missing| System| 3| 5. 7| Total| 53| 100. | NEIBHOURS RELATIONSHIP WITH RESPONDENTS This table implies the overall relationship of the respondents with their neighbors. The researcher come to know that 40% of the respondents only having a good relationship with their neighbors, but 60% of the respondents felt that they are not ok i. e. the relationship between them and neighbors. The same was represents in the diagram. TABLE 11 ENJOYING COM MON CELEBRATION WITH VILLAGE PEOPLES| VARIABLES| NO. OF. RESPONDENTS| Percent| Valid| YES| 7| 13. 2| | NO| 43| 81. 1| | Total| 50| 94. 3| Missing| System| 3| 5. 7| Total| 53| 100. 0| ENJOYING COMMON CELEBRATION WITH VILLAGE PEOPLES This table and diagram shows the respondents common celebration with the other members. It seems that only 7 respondents said that they are enjoying the common celebration in the village as like others, but 93 respondents said that they are not invited and they are not enjoying the common celebrations in the village. TABLE 12EARNINGS IN FUNERAL WORK| VARIABLES| NO. OF. RESPONDENTS| Percent| Valid| 2000 PER DEATH| 50| 94. 3| Missing| System| 3| 5. 7| Total| 53| 100. 0| EARNINGS IN FUNERAL WORK This table represents the income of the respondent per death for the cremation work. All the respondents said that they get Rs 2000 per death. TABLE 13 SATISFACTION OF THE RESPONDENTS| VARIABLES| NO. OF. RESPONDENTS| Percent| Valid| YES| 37| 69. 8| | NO| 13| 24. 5| | Total| 50| 94. 3| Missing| System| 3| 5. 7| Total| 53| 100. 0| SATISFACTION OF THE RESPONDENTS This table and diagram shows the satisfactory level of the respondents who are engaged in the funeral work. 37 respondents said that they are satisfied with the present occupation and 13 respondents are not satisfied in this work. TABLE 14 RESPONDENTS ENGAGED IN ASSOCIATION| VARIABLES| NO. OF. RESPONDENTS| Percent| Valid| YES| 11| 20. 8| | NO| 39| 73. 6| | Total| 50| 94. 3| Missing| System| 3| 5. 7| Total| 53| 100. 0| RESPONDENTS ENGAGED IN ASSOCIATION This table and diagram shows that respondents membership in association. 11 respondents are engaged in the associations. 39 respondents are not engaged in any kind of association. TABLE 15BENEFITS RECIVED FROM THE ASSOCIATION| VARIABLES| NO. OF. RESPONDENTS| Percent| Valid| FEES FOR CHILDREN| 3| 5. 7| | INSURANCE SCHEME| 5| 9. 4| | ACCIDENT CHARGES| 3| 5. 7| | NO| 39| 73. 6| | Total| 50| 94. 3| Missing| System| 3| 5. 7| Total| 53| 100. 0| BENEFITS RECIVED FROM THE ASSOCIATION This table represents the benefits received by the respondents from the associations. Only 11 respondents received benefits. Out of 11 respondents 3 respondents received fees for their children education from the society. 5 respondents received insurance from the association. 3 respondents received accident compensatation charges from the association. TABLE 16 AVAILING GOVERNMENT SUPPORT| VARIABLES| NO. OF. RESPONDENTS| Percent| Valid| NO| 50| 94. 3| Missing| System| 3| 5. 7| Total| 53| 100. 0| AVAILING GOVERNMENT SUPPORT This table represents the availability or support of government to the respondents. All the respondents said i. e. 100% of the respondents said that they are not getting any support from the government. TABLE 17 COMMON PROPERTY RESOURCES| VARIABLES| NO. OF. RESPONDENTS| Percent| Valid| WELLS| 20| 37. 7| | LAKES| 19| 35. 8| | PONDS| 11| 20. 8| | Total| 50| 94. 3| Missing| System| 3| 5. 7| Total| 53| 100. 0| COMMON PROPERTY RESOURCES This table represents the usage of common property resource of the village by the respondents. All the respondents replied that they are using the common properties of the village like wells, lakes, ponds etc TABLE 18PROBLEMS FACED BY THE RESPONDENTS| VARIABLES| NO. OF. RESPONDENTS| Percent| Valid| VOMITING| 13| 24. 5| | FIRE ACCIDENTS| 23| 43. 4| | RESPIRATORY PROBLEM| 10| 18. 9| | COUGH| 3| 5. 7| | OTHERS| 1| 1. 9| | Total| 50| 94. 3| Missing| System| 3| 5. 7| Total| 53| 100. 0| PROBLEMS FACED BY THE RESPONDENTS This table shows the risk faced by the respondents in funeral work. All the respondents said that they faced some kind of risks. 13 respondents said that they will get vomiting sensatation while engaged in the funeral work. 23 respondents faced fire accidents. 10 respondents having respiratory problem. 3 respondents having cough. TABLE 19 RESPONDENTS UNDERGONE TREATMENT| VARIABLES| NO. OF. RESPONDENTS| Percent| Valid| YES| 50| 94. 3| Missing| System| 3| 5. 7| Total| 53| 100. 0| RESPONDENTS UNDERGONE TREATMENT This table represents the respondent’s undergone treatment for the health problems while engaged in the cremation work. All the respondents i. e. 100 % of the respondents undergone treatment. TABLE 20 PLACE OF TREATMENT| VARIABLES| NO. OF. RESPONDENTS| Percent| Valid| PHC| 24| 45. 3| | G. H| 26| 49. 1| | Total| 50| 94. 3| Missing| System| 3| 5. 7| Total| 53| 100. 0| PLACE OF TREATMENT This table shows the place of treatment where the respondents undergone the treatment. 45% of the respondent’s undergone treatment in the public health centers. 55% of the respondents undergone the treatment in the government hospital. TABLE 21 AWARNES ABOUT INFERIOR JOB| VARIABLES| NO. OF. RESPONDENTS| Percent| Valid| YES| 28| 52. 8| | NO| 22| 41. 5| | Total| 50| 94. 3| Missing| System| 3| 5. 7| Total| 53| 100. 0| AWARNES ABOUT INFERIOR JOB This table represents the awareness level of the respondents. 53% of the respondents said that they know that this cremation work is the inferior job. 7% of the respondents said that they don’t know that this is the inferior job. TABLE 22 AWARNESS LEVEL ABOUT BASIC WORK OF HUMAN BEINGS| VARIABLES| NO. OF. RESPONDENTS| Percent| Valid| YES| 17| 32. 1| | NO| 33| 62. 3| | Total| 50| 94. 3| Missing| System| 3| 5. 7| Total| 53| 100. 0| AWARNESS LEVEL ABOUT BASIC WORK OF HUMAN BEINGS This table represents the awareness level of the respond ents. 32% of the respondents said that they know that this cremation work is the basic work for human beings. 68% of the respondents said that they don’t know that this is the basic work for human beings. TABLE 23 AWARNESS LEVEL FRW IS WEPON TO SAFEGUARD THE BELIFS| VARIABLES| NO. OF. RESPONDENTS| Percent| Valid| YES| 20| 37. 7| | NO| 30| 56. 6| | Total| 50| 94. 3| Missing| System| 3| 5. 7| Total| 53| 100. 0| AWARNESS LEVEL FRW IS WEPON TO SAFEGUARD THE BELIFS This table represents the awareness level of the respondents. 38% of the respondents said that they know that this cremation work is a weapon to safeguards the beliefs of the traditions of the family. 52% of the respondents said that they don’t know that this is a weapon to safeguards the beliefs of the traditions of the family. TABLE 24 NEW GENERATION RESPECTING FRW| VARIABLES| NO. OF. RESPONDENTS| Percent| Valid| YES| 26| 49. 1| | NO| 24| 45. 3| | Total| 50| 94. 3| Missing| System| 3| 5. 7| Total| 53| 100. 0| NEW GENERATION RESPECTING FRW This table represents the relationship between the respondents and the new young generation peoples. 49% of the respondents said that there is a good relationship between them and new young generation. They said that they are also respecting them. 51% of the respondents said that there is a no good relationship between them and new young generation. They said that they are also not respecting them. TABLE 25 DISCRIMINATION TOWARDS RESPONDENTS| VARIABLES| NO. OF. RESPONDENTS| Percent| Valid| YES| 29| 54. 7| | NO| 21| 39. 6| | Total| 50| 94. 3| Missing| System| 3| 5. 7| Total| 53| 100. 0| DISCRIMINATION TOWARDS RESPONDENTS This table and diagram represents the level of discrimination faced by the respondents by other members. 55% of the respondents said that they faced discrimination in the society. 45% of the respondents said that they didn’t face any discrimination in the society. Chapter – 4 Main findings MAIN FINDINGS: 1. It was found that 78% of the cremation workers are illiterate. 2. Almost 95% of the funeral rites workers are married. 3. It seems that 100% of the respondents who are engaged in the cremation work are coming under the schedule caste and schedule tribes caste. 4. All the cremation workers are engaged in the additional occupation to meet their day to day life expenses. 5. Majority of the funeral rite worker are engaged as a coolie to earn additional income. 6. All most majority of the funeral rites worker i. e. 97 % of the cremation worker living as a nuclear family. 7. Majority of the funeral workers are earning below 24000 per annum. . Most of the cremation workers are following the Hindu religion. 9. After proper and systematic analysis we come to know that Almost 30% of the respondents’ families are not supporting them or we can say that there is no proper boundness between them. 10. Almost 59% of the respondents are not supported by the neighbors. 11. Funeral rites workers are not allowed to engage in the common celebration of the village. 12. 74% of the cremation workers are not engaged in any kind of association. 13. Government is not considering these people as human beings. Government is also not providing any kind of support to them. 4. All the cremation workers are highly affected by the health problems. 15. Funeral rites workers are not getting any safety measures due to this they are spending their major portion of income for medical expenses. 16. Based on the analysis this cremation work is caste based occupations. 17. There is no proper reorganization to these peoples since this job is the basic work for human beings and it safeguards the customs and belief. 18. Casteism plays a vital role in this job. 19. Finally we can say that they are the poorest of the poorer Chapter – 5 Suggestions and conclusion SUGGESTIONS: 1. Government should look after these people, who are engaged in the inferior job. It is the responsibility of the government to take care of each and every individual in the society, but the whole cremation workers community is suffering a lot. 2. Government should impose some laws to safeguard the funeral rites workers. 3. Special allowances, schemes, policies should be implemented to protect the funeral rites workers. 4. Government should properly supply the required materials which are required for the cremation work. 5. All the cremation grounds should come under the surveillance of the local supervisor or local authority. . Government should provide proper medical facilities and free health checkups to the cremation workers because it is highly hazardous job. 7. Severe punishments should be given to the general public who are discriminating the funeral rites worker. 8. Government should introduce some income generation program to the cremation workers to meet their daily expenses because it is a low income job. 9. Being this job is safeguarding the customs and beliefs of the traditional and cultural families, but the payment which is given to the cremation worker is very low. So government should increase and standardized the charges to support the cremation workers. 10. More number of associations must be formed. Funeral rites workers should take necessary steps to appeal any kind of support from the government or government supported agencies. 11. Ngo’s should come up to work for the welfare of the funeral rites workers. 12. Fixed salaries and uniforms should be provided to the funeral rites workers. APPENDIX A STUDY ON STATUS OF FUNERAL RITES WORKERS IN THIRUVALLUR DISTICT TIRUVALANGADU BLOCKS TAMILNADU- 631210 INTERVIEW SCHEDULE DEMOGRAPIC DETAILS: 1. NAME: . AGE: 3. EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION: A) ILLITRATE B) PRIMARY C) HIGHER SECONDARY D) UG/ PG E) OTHERS 4. MARITIAL STATUS: A) MARRIED B) SINGLE C) WIDOW D) OTHERS 5. COMMUNITY: A) SC/ST B) BC C) OC D) FC E) OTHERS 6. OCCUPATION: A) FARMER B) COOLIE C) LABOURERS D) BUSINESS E) OTHERS 7. TYPE OF FAMILY: A) NUCLEAR B) JOINT C) EXTENDED D) OTHERS 8. FAMILY DETAILS: S. NO| NAME amp;RELATIONSHIP WIT H HOF| AGE| QUALIFICATION| OCCUPATION| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 9. ANNUAL INCOME: SOCIAL CONDITIONS: 10. WHAT RELIGION YOU FOLLOW A) HINDHU B) MUSLIM C) CHRISTIAN D) BUDHIST E) OTHERS 11. WHAT IS YOUR MOTHER TOUNGUE: 12. IS YOUR FAMILY MEMBERS ARE CLOSE TO YOU A) YES B) NO 13. IF NO WHY? 14. HOW IS YOUR RELATIONSHIP WITH YOUR NEIBHOURS B) GOOD B) BAD C) SATISFIED D) NOT SATISFIED 15. HAVE YOU ENJOY JOINING THE COMMON CELEBRATION IN THE AREA WITH ALL THE PEOPLE A) YES B) NO 16. IF NO WHY? SOCIAL CAPITAL: 17. HOW MUCH YOU EARN IN FUNERAL WORK A) 1000 B) 2000 C) MORE THAN 2000 18. HOW MUCH ARE YOU EARNING IN OTHER ADDITIONAL OCCUPATION: 19. DO YOU SATISFIED WITH YOUR PRESENT OCCUPATION C) YES B) NO 20. IF NO, WHY? SOCIAL SUPPORT: 1. ARE YOU ENGAGED WITH ANY ASSOCIATION A) YES B) NO 22. IF YES WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE ASSOCIATION 23. WHEN IT STARTED 24. BENEFITS YOU RECIVING FROM THE ASSOCIATION 1) 2) 3) 4) 25. HOW MANY MEMBERS IN THE ASSOCIATION 26. ARE YOU GETTING ANY SUPPORT FROM THE GOVERNMENT OR GOVERNMENT AGENCIES D) YES B) NO 27. IF YES, WHAT TYPE OF SUPPORT COMMON PROPERTY RESOURSES: 28. ARE YOU AVAILING OR USING THE COMMON RESOURCES IN THE VILLAGE E) WELLS B) LAKES C) PONDS D) BORE WELL E) OTHERS 9. IF NO, WHY? RISK amp; NATURE: 30. WHAT TYPE OF RISK YOU FACED IN FUNERAL WORK F) VOMITING G) RESPIRATORY PROBLEM H) COUGH I) OTHERS J) FIRE ACCIDENTS 31. HAVE YOU UNDERGONE ANY TREATMENT? 32. IF YES, WHERE? K) PHC L) G. H M) LOCAL MEDICAL PRACTIONERS N) OTHERS 33. IF NO, WHY? 34. WHAT IS THE PROCESS IN YOUR WORK OR NATURE OF WORK 35. WHAT IS YOUR PSYCHOLOGICAL FEEL WHEN YOU ARE ENGAGED IN THIS WORK. HUMAN RIGHTS PERSPECTIVE: 36. DO YOU THINK, THAT THIS IS A INFERIOR WORK? O) YES B) NO 37. IF YES? GIVE 2 REASONS 1. 2. 38. DO YOU KNOW THAT FRW IS A BASIC WORK FOR HUMAN BEINGS P) YES Q) NO 39. DO YOU THINK YOU ARE THE WEAPON TO SAFEGUARD THE CUSTOMS AND BELIEF OF THE TRADITIONS? 40. DOES THIS GENERATION OF PEOPLE RESPECT YOU? R) YES S) NO 41. IF NO? WHAT IS THE REASON 42. DO YOU FACE ANY DISCRIMINATION IN THE VILLAGE T) YES U) NO 43. IF YES? WHAT KIND OF DISCRIMINATION 44. DO YOU BELIVE THAT THIS IS A CASTE BASED OCCUPATION? V) YES W) NO